3 simple auditing questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

3 straightforward examining questions - Assignment Example Julia Granger has just finished stages 1 through 4 and has recorded the consequences of her work on review plans E-100, E-110, E-111, and E-112. Accept that the customer plays out the control exercises recognized in the flowcharts. An answer for the task is given utilizing plans like the calendars gave to understudies on the pages that follow. Once more, because of the abstract idea of a portion of the decisions elective arrangements could be considered similarly adequate. Note that the arrangement records potential review tests that could be performed. It is impossible that an evaluator would choose to play out all these review tests. Also, the arrangement doesn't demonstrate whether the review test ought to be performed on the whole populace or an example of the populace. 9) Transfers are fittingly approved and the budget summaries introduction including the revelation of all ventures adjusts to the proper accounting rules that are reliably applied. The organization buys material from the merchants, the bought material are assessed and tallied and the costs contrasted with the buy orders and a pre-numbered accepting report is readied. /After that the accepting report and the buy request are given. On the bookkeeping side, the bookkeepers get the solicitations from the merchants for the things bought. All the materials that are not represented as far as getting report are moved to the proper office for affirmation for the receipt. The merchants report are walked with the proper accounted archive to take into account documentation in the buy diary, seller record, general record and the stock documents. The records are inspected by the manager. All the reports, for example, the buy request, accepting report and seller solicitations are recorded by the

Oedipus the King- Metaphors Essay

â€Å" «Light versus Darkness Information is described as an explosion of light which differentiates the obscurity of obliviousness. Toward the start of the play, and towards the fourth scene, we notice the â€Å"darkness†, the absence of information that Oedipus has toward for the most part everything that is encompassing him. At the point when Oedipus learns reality, it â€Å"bursts† into light. The representation of light speaks to truth and information. â€Å" «Sight versus Blindness A reference to this similitude happens right off the bat in the play, when Oedipus erroneously blames Tiresias and Creon for trick. â€Å"So this is the thing that he needs, Creon the dependable, Creon so long my companion! Taking up to topple and snatch!† (page 22). â€Å"XTiresias reacts by utilizing a similar illustration: â€Å"I’m dazzle you state; you mock at that! I state you see and still are visually impaired †dreadfully: Blind to your birthplaces and to an association in your house.† (pg 23) Consequently sight is basic in Oedipus the King. In spite of the fact that Tiresias is genuinely visually impaired, he sees reality from the earliest starting point, while Oedipus, who has physical vision, is ignorant concerning his destiny. â€Å" «Ã¢â‚¬ Oh, view the city, see the tempest that players down this city’s head in floods of blood† (pg 5) The cleric is contrasting the awful circumstance of Thebes with a tempest that assaults at any second and abandons extreme harms. â€Å" «Ã¢â‚¬ Now grinned upon by all, saluted now, presently attracted aside by admirers to the King, my ear their entryway to hope† What Creon is looking at here, is his ears to the citizens’ entryway to trust, implying that he has the sort of intensity that makes individuals would like to accomplish something from their solicitation that they submitted to Creon. â€Å" «Ã¢â‚¬ You called me here, I never would have come† Tiresias is really attempting to let him comprehend that Oedipus is simply the person who is pushing to reality despite the fact that it’s not great!!

By the time Macbeth murders Duncan Essay

‘By the time Macbeth murders Duncan, he has just lost the fight for his soul’. Talk about this announcement and inspect the components which lead to his choice to slaughter the lord. It is the point of this article to assess and decide the legitimacy of the above proclamation. I will look at the elements which lead to Macbeth’s choice to slaughter the lord. The definition for a person’s soul is the otherworldly piece of them that should proceed after their body is dead. Individuals likewise use ‘soul’ to allude to a person’s mind, character, musings and emotions. ‘The fight for his soul’ speaks to whether this individual submits to great or malevolence. The elements that I will take a gander at specifically while thinking about what drove Macbeth to submit the homicide, are the witches and Lady Macbeth. The play starts with the witches who present Macbeth by saying they will meet him. ‘There to meet with Macbeth’. This is a viable method to begin the play, as individuals were extremely eccentric at that point. They had confidence in witches and they accepted they were malevolent. One individual who was extremely watchful and inquisitive about such issues was James I and Shakespeare had composed this play for him. The black powder plot occurred the earlier year and James I was, subsequently, touchy and worried about future death endeavors. Shakespeare was composing for a group of people who were overwhelmingly Christian and who trusted in paradise and hellfire; the manner in which somebody carried on earth would choose what befell them when they passed on. The spirit is significant in this play and this is the reason ‘Macbeth’ may have been well known as individuals were keen on these things. On the off chance that somebody lost their spirit, they would be lost to God and would be sentenced to hellfire forever. Macbeth rambles about this in his sensational monologs. Duncan was a decent fair lord who had sat idle yet treat Macbeth as an old buddy. Duncan calls him ‘worthiest cousin’, which recommends the closeness of their relationship. Duncan is thankful for Macbeth’s courage in fight. He says, ‘I have started to plant thee and will work, to make thee loaded with growing†. Duncan is stating he will effectively compensate him for being so bold. Duncan is an excellent individual, Macbeth says, â€Å"Duncan hath borne his resources so mild hath been so clear in his extraordinary office that his temperances will argue like angel†. Macbeth realizes that he was acceptable he despite everything killed him. Thusly is no reason for what he has done. The King is Macbeth’s visitor so he ought to secure him, not assault him. There are various responses from Macbeth and Banquo to the witches’ expectations. Banquo accepts that Macbeth will become lord since he has just become Thane of Cawdor, similarly as the witches had anticipated. He imagines that it is extremely bizarre how the witches are helping them. Besides, he accepts the witches will be benevolent to them and have their trust just to sell out them later. He is unmistakably astonished and stays doubtful with regards to their expectations. The distinctive response by Macbeth is obvious when he is stunned from the start subsequent to hearing what the witches need to state. He really accepts that he will become lord as two of the forecasts have demonstrated exact. Things can just show signs of improvement for Macbeth, or so he accepts. Macbeth’s assessment of the witches stays uncertain and he doesn't generally have the foggiest idea what to think about the ‘weird sisters’. There are clashing convictions that he has. Right off the bat, he accepts they are bad, however on the off chance that they were awful for what reason did they give him such achievement? It appears that he is starting to believe the witches when he considers the achievement that they have given to him. Banquo, then again, in a flash doubts them and accepts ‘†¦to win us to our damage, the instruments of dimness let us know truths’. When Lady Macbeth gets Macbeth’s letter about the witch’s expectations she starts to design the homicide: ‘Come, you spirits that tend on mortal musings, unsex me here and fill me from the crow to the toe top loaded with direst cruelty.’ She needs to be loaded up with mercilessness and needs detestable spirits to groups her. She needs to lose her gentility and become masculine so she is fit for the best remorselessness. She would like to lose her spirit so she doesn't feel remorseful. The elements that lead Macbeth to murder the ruler are the witches, Lady Macbeth and his own character. The witches drove Macbeth to the homicide when they welcomed him and said ‘All hail Macbeth, that will be top dog hereafter.’ In the hour of the play it was accepted that witches could take evil ownership of individuals and cause them to do what they needed. Macbeth sees a blade not long before the homicide of Duncan. A few people may state that the witches put the picture before him to drive him into killing. Nonetheless, Act 1, scene 1 proposes that there are cutoff points to the witch’s powers; they can't slaughter. They talk about a woman who didn't give them nuts so they need to recover her, and furthermore her better half who is on a pontoon. ‘I’ll give thee wind.’ ‘I’ll channel him as dry as roughage. They express numerous things that they will do to him however they don't make reference to executing him and this demonstrates demise isn't in their capacity. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have a decent relationship, they appear to jump on very well together and when they are separated they miss one another. Later in the play Lady Macbeth starts to take control and turns out to be fairly predominant. She can convince him to do anything. Macbeth concluded that he would not like to proceed with the homicide however Lady Macbeth talked him into it by considering him a defeatist and utilizing brutal words. ‘And live a weakling in thine own self esteem’. She says this after Macbeth will not continue any further with the homicide. She is provoking and embarrassing him. At the point when Macbeth convinces himself not to submit the homicide, ‘We will continue no further in this business,’ Lady Macbeth makes him alter his perspective by considering him a ‘coward’. She lets him know, ‘When you durst do it, at that point you were a man’. The suggestion being that he is done acting like a man. She reveals to him that on the off chance that he breaks this guarantee, he will break every single other guarantee including those made to her, ‘Such I account thy love’. By the by, she guarantees that she would prefer to run out the cerebrums of an infant at that point break such a guarantee. Shakespeare uses amazingly solid symbolism to accentuate exactly how significant it is for her. In Macbeth’s sensational monolog he gives numerous reasons concerning why he wouldn't like to proceed with the homicide. Numerous contemplations are going through his mind, for example, the dread of Duncan returning as something awful in his next life. Moreover, he thinks something terrible will occur in the event that he proceeds with it. ‘To plague th’ designer. This fair Justice’ He is conflicting with the deed of executing the ruler. ‘Strong both against the deed: at that point, as his host’. He is a brother, hence he can not execute someone on a similar side as him and this proposes it isn't care for him at all and he wouldn't like to end his life. At the point when Lady Macbeth enters he doesn't disclose to her these reasons yet gives various ones inside and out. He says the lord has been regarding him as of late and individuals have high assessments of him. Therefore, he needs to stay mainstream with individuals. Macbeth must slaughter Duncan with the goal that he can be the best and have his spot. The witches revealed to him that he would be above all else, however not really by killing him. At first the homicide has been concocted completely by Macbeth and not suggested by any other individual. As Macbeth states, ‘If chance will make them ruler, why chance me crown me, without stir’. He is stating that on the off chance that he becomes lord that is acceptable however he will do nothing to make himself ruler. As he concedes, his lone thought process in the slaughtering is ‘Vaulting ambition’. I will presently consider the idea of Macbeth’s sin. The wrongdoing that has been submitted is genuinely malevolent, yet I don't accept that Macbeth is essentially abhorrent. The way that Macbeth accepts that he will never be pardoned demonstrates he is really repentant. The main explanation Duncan was killed was for Macbeth’s individual addition. Macbeth had no genuine motivation to slaughter him, as the ruler was a dear companion. There are numerous reasons that propose that Macbeth ought to never be pardoned for this. The homicide was without hesitating and it had been arranged and not submitted seemingly out of the blue. Macbeth would not like to proceed with it yet Lady Macbeth incited him to do as such. This is the reason I trust Macbeth isn't shrewd on the grounds that he was headed to it. After the homicide the men of the hour were spread with blood to cause it to appear as though they had submitted the homicide. Toward the beginning of the day Macbeth murders them also imagining that he has carried on of ‘violent love’ for Duncan. He does this to get himself in the clear and to evade doubt. Along these lines, the husbands to be can't deny submitting the homicide. Macbeth has executed the lord. At that point, there was a conviction that rulers were gotten onto the royal position through God’s power (divine right) thus an assault on the king’s power was viewed as acting against God’s wishes. This is the purpose behind him to take a hike as God has repudiated him. Macbeth says, â€Å"He’s here in twofold trust: first, as I am his brother and his subject, solid both against the deed; at that point as his host, who ought to against his killer shut the entryway, Not tolerate the blade myself.† Macbeth realizes that what he has done isn't right as he ought to be caring for his visitor. After the homicide, Macbeth can't state the word ‘Amen’, â€Å"But wherefore would I be able to articulate ‘Amen’ I had most need of gift and ‘Amen'†. He feels that God has abandoned

The Impact of ICT on Records Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2382 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? THE IMPACT OF ICT ON RECORDS MANAGEMENT IN AN ORGANISATION CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Over a quarter of a century ago, Ben Russak (1975) noted that traditional models of scholarly communication would be undermined by the photocopy machine and the computer. His prediction has held: the advent of new information technologies that have completely and irrevocably transformed the ways in which materials are created, structured, stored, transmitted, distributed, communicated, and accessed, have similarly transformed the means and modes of scientific communication. During the past decade, global communications have changed dramatically, as a result of the increased use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). ICTs are becoming necessary if countries are to compete on a global scale. Oliver (1999) sees ICT as the science that investigates the properties and behaviour of information, the force governing the flow of information and the means of processing information for optimum accessibility and usability. In the past few years Information Communication Te chnology (ICT) has spread through the whole world in a big way. Computers are finding their way into schools and higher learning institutions, government and the private sector, and other organisations. In many cases, ICT has penetrated work and learning environments unplanned. Many governments and users recognize the potential of ICT and the opportunities it provides, particularly for economic and social development where distances and traditional systems have tended to hamper progress. ICT also presents opportunities for recordkeeping in developing countries. Bamiro and Liverpool (2002 in Akwegwu et al 2011) observe that the computer (ICT) has already invaded and dominated universities in the developed world. It has also been widely acknowledged that ICTs have the potential to play an immediate role in the quest for sustainable and equitable development in Third World countries. In Ghana, over the past few years there have been attempts by governments past and present to improv e Ghanaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s information highways because of the realization of the use of ICT as a tool for sustainable development, which is indeed significant. This has led to some improvements in ICT infrastructure though there is still room for further improvement. The private sector has also been very instrumental in developments in this sector, building some form of infrastructure on their own with great success. Records management as a field of work and as a means of ensuring productivity has not been given the necessary attention that it deserves in Ghana until recently when both public and private institutions have started to pay attention to good records management systems and practices. Although International Standard for the management of business records (ISO 15489) emphasizes the need for good records management as an effective way for countries and organizations to fulfil their obligations and meet expectations of their stakeholders, this requirement has suffered a major backlash in Ghana. Records and record keeping constitute the life wire of organizations (Egwunyenga, 2006). It would be very difficult to plan and administer any organization such as the school effectively if records are not kept and managed properly. School records are documents, books, diskettes and files which contain information on what goes on in the school (academic and non-academic activities), school personnel, students as well as other school resources such as instructional materials (Olagboye, 2004). Record keeping and management ought to be taken as a vital responsibility by school authorities because of the indispensable role records play in the effective day-to-day running of the school. However, most school authorities do not have a good culture of record keeping. The few records that are kept are usually not properly stored, thus creating the problem of retrieval to users when needed. The few school authorities that have adopted the electronic record-ke eping practice in the record management system of their institutions have risen above such problems of storage and retrieval, as ICT affords the opportunity to have a quick and easy view of all the records on school activities. Technological advancement had contributed to the effective storage and management of school records. ICT and record management have a strong degree of commonality and many complementary skills. ICT and record management are both concerned with the creation, storage, accessibility and security of digital information. The ultimate aim of both record management and ICT is to support, protect and enable the business of the organisation in a cost-effective manner now and in the future. Information and Communication Technology is the major change perceived in the world of record management. However, where ICT engineers and maintains systems to manage an organisationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s information assets, the focus of record management is on protecting, classi fying and maintaining the authenticity of records, so they remain accessible and function as evidence of the business conducted for as long as they are required to be kept. With Information and Communication Technology, Record Management should be simple as compared with the complexity of traditional record keeping. The use of ICT for school record keeping and management gives an overview of the number of students that registered, accurate information on studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ fees payment status, and a comprehensive database of staff, students and instructors with just a click. However in most of the tertiary institutions in Ghana the case is different where almost all their records and record management are done manually and Ho Polytechnic is not an exception. 1.2Problem Statement Problem Statement In the past few years Information Communication Technology (ICT) has spread through the Pacific region in a big way. Computers are finding their way into schools and higher learning institutions, government the private sector, and other organisations. In many cases, ICTà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has penetrated work and learning environments unplanned (Setareki Tale and Opeta Alefaio, National Archives of Fiji 2005). Example, in the past years, typing was done with typewriters, then there was a transformation to the use of computers, now, not only are computers used to type, but one can programme it to take dictations of notes and type them. However, Ho Polytechnic since its inception is now seeing some level of ICT innovations where a program called topas was introduced to generate studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ record. This was causing problem of updating studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ records by itself and key in data could not be changed. Lecturers and students are not comfortable with this program, so new programs are being introduced but there are still lapses in the record keeping and management systems which need to be addressed. Retrieving or getting infor mation or records on students, staff and people in polytechnic community is difficult. In the General Office, there are still bulky files which are presumed to be records of the polytechnic and the use of computers; does it mean that filing is done both manually and with computers? Also students Transcripts, attestation and results takes a long time before they get them. Why does it take so long a time? Looking at the population of about a thousand and above, students still queue for several number of days to have their registration done per head on paper. Results of students need to be processed as fast as possible that is why there is the need for the use of ICT to speed up the process of retrieving files when needed. This problem needs to be checked before the institution lose its customers (students) because there are other institutions out there which have a well-planned record management systems and students records are retrieved on time. It looks disturbing that a big orga nization like the Ho Polytechnic appears to have problems with record management in this era of ICT. This research seeks to outline the necessity of the authorities of the institution to migrate at all cost to the use of the ICT and the various benefits which comes along with it, which will go a long way to ease the work of the administration and the student body as a whole. Thereby answering the question when will we ever stop spending days in a queue to register at the beginning of every semester. 1.3 Justification Since the penetration of ICT into the third world countries, there have been several studies on the impact of ICT on record management, education systems and the development of Ghana as a whole. (Adebi,Teye Emmanual, 2012; George Amanortsu et al, 2013; Albert Kwansah et al, 2012). Adebi, 2012, in his study on the assessment of ICT in senior high schools, found out that lack of training, knowledge about computers and experience in the use of computers are the fact ors affecting the use of ICT in classrooms. George et al 2013, conducted a study on the access and usage of ICT in the Polytechnics, reveal that experience of introducing more and different ICTs in classrooms and other educational settings suggest the full realization of the potential educational benefits of ICT. Albert et al, 2012 researched into the use of ICT in front office operation of chain hotels in Ghana. It was found that ICT has positive impact on the front office of chain hotels by reducing queues to the barely negligible. However there has been no extensive study on the impact of ICT on record management in institutions in Ghana. Ghanaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s population is increasing and for that matter the increase in student population in tertiary institutions which means more administrative activities making retrieving or getting information or records on students, staff and people in polytechnic community difficult and so the need for better and more stringent way of reco rd keeping and management. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Impact of ICT on Records Management" essay for you Create order 1.4 Research Questions In view of the objectives set for the study, the study is guided by the following questions:- What is the importance of records management in Ho Polytechnic? How and what method will be adopted for ICT to have a positive effect on Record Management? What form of data base management system does Ho Polytechnic utilise? Is Ho Polytechnic system of record keeping automated or manual? What ways would ICT be used to improve records management system. 1.5 Objectives of Study The main objective of the study is to investigate how ICT has contributed to the enhancement of records management in Ho Polytechnic. To determine the importance of Records Management in Ho Polytechnic. To determine the effect of ICT on record Management To find out if Ho Polytechnic has a data base management system. To find out if record system is automated or manual. To determine ways to improve record management systems using ICT 1.6. Significance of the Study This study is expected to provide a basis for comprehensive information on information and communication technology and its impact on record management in institutions in Ghana. The study will established the existing gaps in the adoption of information and communication technology in the record management of Ho polytechnic in the Volta region of Ghana. The result of the study has the potential to contribute immensely to the strategic decision making of the top management of Ho Polytechnic. This will enable them to give much attention to records management using ICT and automate most of their process such as student registrations, fee pay and result among others for effective and efficient management of the institution. The study would also be beneficial to policy decision makers to take concrete decision on how the tertiary system in Ghana should be ran and how to keep records for quick and timely decision making through the use of ICT. Also the result of the study would help individuals especially entrepreneurs, managers, business organizations who are yet to enter into business to consider all the relevance of ICT in records management of an organisation. The study would also serve as a reference material for further investigation by interested researchers who might want to know more about the impact of Information and Communication Technology on records management 1.7 Scope of the Study This study will concentrate on issues bordering on access to and use of ICT in institutions record management. The focus of this study will be on the extent to which access to and use of ICT by management, staffs and department as whole in an institutionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s record management and the impact it has made on the record management. The scope of the study is limited to Ho Polytechnic, as it will be easier for the researchers to reach their subjects. Ideally, it would have been appropriate to include other tertiary institutions in the study in order to be able to compare access and use of ICT in various institutions record management since this is an issue in most tertiary institutions in Ghana. However, the cost involved in such endeavor and the time available for the research has not made this feasible. 1.8Limitation of the Study As it is with any research that will need findings, the research will be limited by variety of factors which include: time, finances and access to information on the topic. Time will be a constraint due to the fact that the period allocated for the research is short to allow adequate collection of information on the study. Finances pay a major role in researches of this kind. This is so because the researches need to buy materials, print documents and travel to the place of data collection. Without finance the study will not portray the true picture it supposes to produce. The initial unwillingness of the school administrators in allowing the researchers to use their institution for the research study and the provision of requested information. The unwillingness of some of the respondents to return the questionnaires is another constraint to this study. It is anticipated that some respondent will not cooperate during research data collection. Others will only tick the responses without thorough reading and understanding of the questions well. Organization of Study The study has been divided into five chapters. Chapter one (1) outlines the introduction of the study, the problem statement, justification objectives, research questions, significance of the study, scope, limitation and organization of the study. Chapter two (2) entails the literature review of the study, sets the theoretical base of the research and to set the current research perspective to show the state of the art and it is the reviewing of secondary data. Chapter three (3) covers the methods of data or information gathering. It includes the definition of the study area, , its population, research design, sample size, the sampling techniques, the mode of data collection and analysis. Chapter four(4) deals with data presentation and analysis. Chapter five (5) addresses summary of the major findings that is the conclusion and recommendation. 1

P2 - to Achieve P2, You Will Describe the Limitations and...

Task 2 To achieve P2, you will describe the limitations and constraints of marketing. Prepare an information sheet that readers of your article could access online. This information sheet should include: * Legal requirements * Voluntary codes and constraints * Refer to examples you can find (see www.asa.org.uk) This part of the assignment will be assessed as an individual report written about one organisation. Consumer Law Consumer Law is where marketing activities of the business must be within the constraints of the law. In recent years the European Union has strengthened consumer protection law. Businesses must keep up to date with legislation so that their activities are not unlawful Sales of Goods Act 1979 The†¦show more content†¦Voluntary Codes of Advertising Practice All marketing activities are also monitored by the independent Advertising Standards Agency. This is an industry body that promotes and maintains the British Code of Advertising, Sales Promotion and Direct Marketing. This is a set of rules and standards that businesses follow when marketing so they can keep within the legal framework. It also ensures to protect customers from misleading claims and it creates an even footing for advertisers. The principles of the code should result in advertisements not being misleading or offensive. If an advertiser breaches the code, the Advertising Standards Agency can insists that it approves any advertising before it is published or broadcasted. They can also refer the advertiser to the Office of Fair Trading or they can even ask TV stations, Radio stations or publishers to remove the advertisement from their broadcasts and publications. Pressure Groups Pressure Groups are an organized group working to influence the behaviors and beliefs of government and/or businesses. There are thousands operating in the UK and they will try to raise the profile of their cause in the media to raise public awareness. This can lead to negative publicity which damages the businesses reputation and its sales. Consumerism Consumerism is a social movement that is giving consumers some powers over businesses. 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What Are The Risks Of Climate Change And Global Warming

What are the risks of climate change and global warming? Type in your name EDRD plus your Section number Type in the Instructor’s name February 20, 2015 Abstract One of the largest problems fronting the world today is global warming. Many experts believe that our makings of carbon dioxide and extra greenhouse gases have a heating effect on the troposphere, and this can be very hazardous to human life. This research paper will explore the issue of global warming and propose ways to resolve the issue. Introduction Global climate change and the change will have a significant impact on people, ecosystems, cities and energy on the planet. Temperature global average air temperature is 1.5 degrees already that they were from the beginning of the twentieth century and grew by only about 1 degree during the last 30 years. Many complications have top to global warming. One of the major problems is hovering sea levels. This might lead to submerging of small seaside zones and towns, such as Egypt, the Netherlands and Bangladesh. Some places may even disappear altogether! Another problem caused by global warming and climate change. Many parts of the world are experiencing an increase in hurricanes, floods and other unusual weather. A third issue is the effect of global warming on animals. Fish populations may be affected, while some insects that spread disease may become more frequent. Body Climate change raises the risk of extreme drought events more intense hurricanes,Show MoreRelatedWhat Are The Risks Of Climate Change And Global Warming?1513 Words   |  7 Pages What Are The Risks Of Climate Change And Global Warming? One can not disagree with the fact that the Earth s climate is changing and it has genuinely become a global problem for mankind. It goes without saying that the fact of the global climate change is confirmed by scientific observations and is not disputed by most scholars. And yet, apparently, there are ongoing discussions around this topic. Some use the term global warming and make apocalyptic predictions, while others predict the onsetRead MoreWhat Are The Risks Of Climate Change And Global Warming?1518 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are the risks of climate change and global warming? Climate change has been a pertinent issue in the media as of the past decade. With much debate on its severity, some simply believe that it is the result of alternating weather patterns. Meanwhile, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change claims that global warming â€Å"has been driven by human activity,† continuing on to say that its existence is â€Å"unequivocal† (sciencemag). As most scientific research suggests, it is evident that climateRead MoreMariah Miller. Professor Fandel. Eng 105. 5 May 2017. 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Many of these environmental specialists believe that the changes in the global climate are called the â €Å"global warming.† Based on the article of Chaya Dachoh, global warming is a globalRead MoreIllegal Drugs : Source And Solution And It s The Problem Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pagesinternationally consume drugs. Which is the most common used drug in the U.S. What is the most commonly used drug in the U.S. Young people take more drugs than before. High school students drank alcohol and smoked drugs. People want to change. People think drugs are the solution and it’s the problem. The consequences of drugs are worse than the real problems they had before. You shouldn’t take drugs. Different drugs. They change drugs. Marijuana most used drug. Illegal Drugs ââ€"  Drugs have been part ofRead MoreThe Warming And Global Warming1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe Warming World Around Us The world is warming and we cannot deny it, the longer we deny the larger the problem it will become. Global warming is affecting the world economy, the overall health of the population, and most importantly the environment that surrounds us. Ignoring this problem will not just make it suddenly disappear; the world has to make an effort to stop it while it can still be maintained. Accepting the fact that it is happening is just the first step, the next step is takingRead MoreGlobal Warming Essay1407 Words   |  6 PagesNovember 2014 Global Warming Essay The idea of global became prevalent when the world began industrializing. As the popularity of cars grew and industrial factories began to spring up the air quality suffered. The problem was not recognized because, aside from a few orange skies, there were no obvious effects. Although in this day and age we can see what global warming is doing to our Earth, there are still those people who believe that humans are too small to make an impact. Global warming is tooRead MoreGlobal Warming And Climate Change1131 Words   |  5 Pagesattribute this to human-caused climate change. During President Obama’s State of the Union address in 2015, he stated that, â€Å"No challenge poses a greater threat to future generations than climate change,† (â€Å"Remarks by the President†). Warming temperatures caused by anthropogenic climate change have disastrous consequences that pose a threat to humanity and the environment. Scientists have given numerous warnings that human-caused, or anthropogenic, climate change is not only occurring now, butRead MoreGlobal Warming And Climate Change974 Words   |  4 Pagesabout global warming, whether it is true or false. Is there evidence to prove that global warming has impacted the climate due to the rise in the earth’s temperature? Climate change is a problem that is worldwide that should be reviewed. The rise in the earth’s temperature has caused some impact to the weather and climate changes to many places worldwide. This rise in temperature has the potential of causing drastic changes to the earth in many ways. It is time to view the global warming concernsRead MoreClimate Change : Global Warming, And The Disappearing Of The Ozone Layer862 Words   |  4 PagesDid you know that with all this talk about global warming, and the disappearing of the ozone layer, the root of the problem is us? Yes, we’re the cause of all those probl ems. We keep putting something called greenhouse gases into the air. A few greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane. While some climate change is natural, humans need to be careful about greenhouse gases because ecosystems are changing, sea levels are rising, and global average temperature increased by more than

Toyota Kirloskar Motors Jit Essay Example For Students

Toyota Kirloskar Motors Jit Essay Toyota Production System at TOYOTA KIRLOSKAR MOTOR PRIVATE LIMITED CONTENTS: 1 2 3 Introduction to Toyota Profile of Toyota Kirloskar motor. Toyota Production System practices in TKM. 4 Overview of TKM Logistics. †¢ †¢ Just In Time Kaizen- (Continuous Improvement in logistics) 5 Future â€Å"Supply Chain† Direction. TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION †¢ Established in 1937 in Japan †¢ 160 Countries 5400 Dealers. †¢ 26 Countries 46 Plants †¢ Sales of 15. 1 trillion Yen in March 2002 †¢ 247,000 employees worldwide. †¢ Manufacture of all types of Vehicles including Luxury Small Cars. Automakers ranking worldwide based on vehicle sales 9000 8000 No. of Units Sold (1=1000 Units) 2003 First quarter Result Toyota – No. 2 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 GM Ford Toyota VW Daimler Chrysler PSA Honda Nissan Renault Fiat Company Toyota is 3rd Largest Auto Maker in the World TKM is the 14th almost the last automobile manufacturer to enter in Indian automobile industry TOYOTA KIRLOSKAR MOTOR PRIVATE LTD Establishment Location Start of Production Production Model Production Capacity Investment No. of Employees : : : : : : : 6th October 1997 Bidadi near Bangalore in Karnataka State Dec 1999 Multi Purpose Vehicle Passenger car 50,000 Units/year US$ 170 Million (Phase I) 2300 PRODUCTION / SALES 50000 40000 Volume 30000 20000 10000 0 Corolla Qualis 21086 28509 2000 2001 2002 1383 28989 Crossed 1Lakh cars in Sept 03 2003 9000 34000 COMPLETE VIEW OF TKM PLANT In-house facilities at TKM Press Shop Weld Shop Paint Shop Assembly Shop Inspection Area ISO 14001 WITHIN THE FIRST YEAR TPS AT TOYOTA KIRLOSKAR MOTORS IMPLEMENTATION OF TPS IN TKM TAKT UP (7. 5’ 7’) TAKT UP (9. 25’ TAKT DOWN START OF TAKT 8’) (7’ TAKT UP 8’) UP (10’ TAKT UP 8’) i TAKT UP 7. 5’) (12’ 9. 25’) (8’ 3000START OF SECOND t (9. 25’ 8’) TAKT DOWN s SHIFT TAKT DOWN (8’ 10’) 2500 / (8’ 9. 5) TAKT DOWN TAKT DOWN M (9. 25’(8’ 12’) 9. 25’) o 3500 n U VEHICLE QUALITY TREND 2000 n t 1500 h Just In Time 70. 00% 68. 00% Standardized Work GLOBAL TOYOTA LEVEL REFORM LEVEL IMPROVEMENT TKM 0 AS ON DATE MAINTENANCE TIME M-I-R START OF VOLUME PRODUCTION 1000 500 0 Dec- Jan99 00 Feb00 Mar- A p r May- Jun00 00 00 00 Jul- Aug- Sep00 00 00 Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan00 00 00 01 Feb01 Mar- A p r May- Jun01 01 01 01 Jul- Aug- Sep01 01 01 Oct- Nov- Dec01 01 01 Heijunka This is the average yield ratio of all the suppliers I. e. STTI, Visual Control Board Built in Quality GLOBAL YIELD RATIO COMPARISON This data excludes 15. 474 kg/veh of material saved by sending offals to supplierpartslikeNTTF,STANZEN QUALIS BASIC YEILD RATIO 66. 00% 64. 00% 62. 00% TPS 133W133W 797T 2 1 4 0 N 0 4 351T 143N 4 3 9 3 T 0 T 0 5 231T 0W 325N 316T 0W 3 T 0 T 7 6 4 9 415T4 0 0 T 0 395T 0W 2 186N 465N 4 153T 391T 9 0 4 T 6 1 5 0 T 5 0 T 7 8 652T 651T 6 7 0 1 T N 3 0 525T 828T 191N0 0 2 T T 9 133W971T 6 1 5 N 0 0 0 9 8 5 7 541T 8 T T 1 0 N 1 T 6 5 2 0 4 5 0 T 0 0 8 9 T T 5 0 8 477T 8 N 8 9 T 0 T 7 185T 7 277N 781T 0 T 8 0 T 60 3. 42%06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1. 6%00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1. 48% 00 00 00 00 0% . 5% 0% 0% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 8% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0% 0% 0% 0% . . . . 61% 61%90 67% 69% 64%80 64% 62%80 68. 00%69%70 66% 62% 62% 68%60 65%67 61% 00%68% 65%50 63% 67%40 68% 68% 68%40 66% 62% 62%46 61% 61% 67%39 65% 61% 00%68% 68%20 66% 65% 65%20 60. 70%62. 00%65% 86%57% 40 40 62% 90 80 80 68% 80 80 61% . . . . . . . . . 79 69% 75 77 70 40 65% 60 62% 60 66. 50 50 64% 50 30 69% 40 40 40 67% 40 40 40 61% 40 40 30 65% 20 30 63. 20 20 66% 20 27 20 65% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 60. 90 . . MODELS 60. 00% 58. 00% M OE ETYIDSNU0 I P VMNI E A AG R NL O 1 DTCLETDUNLEF FUL AAOLCEDRGI OO AI I N- F Q S Challenge Team Work Genchi Genbutsu Jidoka Kaizen OVERVIEW OF LOGISTIC OPERATIONS TKM’S Logistics concept †¢ Just in time supply †¢ Small lot high frequency delivery †¢ Palletised cargo †¢ Standardized packaging TKM SUPPLY CHAIN CBU LOGISTIC In 1993 worldwide illegal copying of domestic and EssayQTY/BOX 10 PACKING CODE : 55581- 0B010- 00 PB10123 516 SEQ NO 1 DOCK 01 PARTS READY FOR DESPATCH AT SUPPLIER SIDE (BANGALORE SUPPLIER CASE OPERATING WITHOUT CROSS DOCK) LOADING / UNLOADING USING FORK LIFT LABELS FACING OUTSIDE PARTS PALLETISED Parts stacking at PC Zone ready for in-house logistics: †¢Parts are stored at PC Zone at predefined locations Line wise or process wise. TKM Inventory Status 9 8 7 6 Stock in Days 5 4 3 2 1 0 Conventional System Kanban System -1~ 16 delivery / day Truck status control by wireless – Time control Safety Stock Avg 6 Hrs (0. 3 days) Safety Stock Avg 4 Hrs (0. 5 days ) Frequency increase with Mix logistics of TKM Suppliers Avg 2 Hrs TKM Current ( Y 2003 ) TMC Inventory of Bangalore supplier ( No Cross dock operations) JUST IN TIME JUMBIKI SYSTEM ( Sequential Procurement ) JUST IN TIME Jumbiki System †¢ System for total elimination of Inventory. †¢ System to supply Part s directly from supplier to Assembly line according to sequence of production. †¢ Suitable for bulky Parts with more variants supplied by nearby supplier e. g- Seats, Door Trims, Carpets (Araco) CENTRAL CONTROL ROOM (CCR) JUMBIKI SYSTEM Line In Based on Production Leveling Assembly ASSEMBLY LINE Information to CCR Fax to Supplier Receiving and Supply to Line Preparation at Supplier Transport to TKM Pre defined Time Scale based on tact time JUMBIKI SYSTEM CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM Model A Model B Model C Assembly Line JUMBIKI Model A Model B Model C Assembly Line For Model A For Model B For Model C A1 A1 A1 B1 B1 B1 C1 C1 C1 A1 B1 A2 A2 A2 B2 B2 B2 C2 C2 C2 TPS A2 B2 A3 A3 A3 B3 B3 B3 C3 C3 C3 A3 B3 Stock of each set Seats received from supplier in sequence of Production Plan JUMBIKI PARTS RECEIVED JUMBIKI SEAT AT LINE SIDE JUST IN TIME IN-HOUSE LOGISTICS JUST IN TIME INHOUSE LOGISTICS (Chorukyu System) WELDING SHOP CONVENTION SYSTEM TKM SYSTEM Manufacturing Manufacturing TPS A1 A5 A2 A6 A3 A7 A4 A8 A1 A5 A2 A6 A3 A7 A4 A8 INHOUSE LOGISTICS (SMALL LOT SUPPLY) INHOUSE LOGISTICS – ASSEMBLY SHOP SEQUENTIAL SUPPLY SYSTEM INHOUSE LOGISTICS – ASSEMBLY SHOP SEQUENTIAL SUPPLY SYSTEM SUPER FLEXIBLE ASSEMBLY LINE TKM IS CHALLENGING NEW CONCEPT OF SUPER FLEXIBLE LINE THAT IS MIXED PRODUCTION OF MPV (frame model) AND PASSENGER CAR (monocock model) ON SINGLE PRODUCTION LINE, BY QUICK LAUNCHING OF NEXT MODEL ON THE EXISTING PRODUCTION LINE. KAIZEN (CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT) Kaizen based on practice of manufacturing Shooter system to maintain perfect FIFO Before After †¢FIFO not followed †¢Mikara not established †¢Unsafe movement of F/L †¢FIFO achieved †¢Mikara established †¢ F/L movement standardized Kaizen based on practice of manufacturing Pallet, Dolly, Flow rack to reduce handling Before After †¢Double handling of Parts †¢Generates waiting time †¢Fatigue while parts picking †¢Direct supply of parts †¢zero waiting time †¢Workability improved †¢Space reduced (210 Sq. mt) Kaizen based on practice of manufacturing Combined Logistics Kaizen based on practice of manufacturing Collapsible Returnable packing The space saved by this kind of packing is used to transport service parts to dealers on the return journey Kaizen based on practice of manufacturing Kaizen in packing areas 1 Plastic Caps of hose flexible eliminated 2 Achieved 99% returnable packaging FUTURE DIRECTION E Kanban SERVICE SERVICE PROVIDE PROVIDE R R Supplier operations SUPPLIER S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S8 S9 CROSS CROSS DOCK DOCK S1 0 S1 1 S1 2 Download Kanban data TKM in-house operations TKM P In-house Bar Coded Kanban e Kanban information to Suppliers/ Cross Dock Kanban Room Store Cards Insert cards Store Parts Cross Dock operations CROSS DOCK S1 S2 S 3 S 10 S4 S5 W T A PC Z O N E S 1 S 8 S 2 S 9 S 3 S 1 0 S 4 S 1 1 S 5 S 1 2 S8 S9 S1 1 S1 2 Download Kanban data Receive Material 1st Step Mixed Logistics Mixed Logistics Concept Increase frequency Reduce lot size Purpose: 1) Share logistics between TKM Supplier. 2) Reduce lot, increase delivery frequency and finally reduce inventory. 3) Reduce transportation cost. 4) Mutual development and benefit between TKM supplier. Example Mixed Logistics Image TKM TKAP Mixed Logistics Closing word We live in an age of constant change ‘Todays perfection is tomorrows mediocrity’ We need to realise improve THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION