3 simple auditing questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

3 straightforward examining questions - Assignment Example Julia Granger has just finished stages 1 through 4 and has recorded the consequences of her work on review plans E-100, E-110, E-111, and E-112. Accept that the customer plays out the control exercises recognized in the flowcharts. An answer for the task is given utilizing plans like the calendars gave to understudies on the pages that follow. Once more, because of the abstract idea of a portion of the decisions elective arrangements could be considered similarly adequate. Note that the arrangement records potential review tests that could be performed. It is impossible that an evaluator would choose to play out all these review tests. Also, the arrangement doesn't demonstrate whether the review test ought to be performed on the whole populace or an example of the populace. 9) Transfers are fittingly approved and the budget summaries introduction including the revelation of all ventures adjusts to the proper accounting rules that are reliably applied. The organization buys material from the merchants, the bought material are assessed and tallied and the costs contrasted with the buy orders and a pre-numbered accepting report is readied. /After that the accepting report and the buy request are given. On the bookkeeping side, the bookkeepers get the solicitations from the merchants for the things bought. All the materials that are not represented as far as getting report are moved to the proper office for affirmation for the receipt. The merchants report are walked with the proper accounted archive to take into account documentation in the buy diary, seller record, general record and the stock documents. The records are inspected by the manager. All the reports, for example, the buy request, accepting report and seller solicitations are recorded by the

Oedipus the King- Metaphors Essay

â€Å" «Light versus Darkness Information is described as an explosion of light which differentiates the obscurity of obliviousness. Toward the start of the play, and towards the fourth scene, we notice the â€Å"darkness†, the absence of information that Oedipus has toward for the most part everything that is encompassing him. At the point when Oedipus learns reality, it â€Å"bursts† into light. The representation of light speaks to truth and information. â€Å" «Sight versus Blindness A reference to this similitude happens right off the bat in the play, when Oedipus erroneously blames Tiresias and Creon for trick. â€Å"So this is the thing that he needs, Creon the dependable, Creon so long my companion! Taking up to topple and snatch!† (page 22). â€Å"XTiresias reacts by utilizing a similar illustration: â€Å"I’m dazzle you state; you mock at that! I state you see and still are visually impaired †dreadfully: Blind to your birthplaces and to an association in your house.† (pg 23) Consequently sight is basic in Oedipus the King. In spite of the fact that Tiresias is genuinely visually impaired, he sees reality from the earliest starting point, while Oedipus, who has physical vision, is ignorant concerning his destiny. â€Å" «Ã¢â‚¬ Oh, view the city, see the tempest that players down this city’s head in floods of blood† (pg 5) The cleric is contrasting the awful circumstance of Thebes with a tempest that assaults at any second and abandons extreme harms. â€Å" «Ã¢â‚¬ Now grinned upon by all, saluted now, presently attracted aside by admirers to the King, my ear their entryway to hope† What Creon is looking at here, is his ears to the citizens’ entryway to trust, implying that he has the sort of intensity that makes individuals would like to accomplish something from their solicitation that they submitted to Creon. â€Å" «Ã¢â‚¬ You called me here, I never would have come† Tiresias is really attempting to let him comprehend that Oedipus is simply the person who is pushing to reality despite the fact that it’s not great!!

By the time Macbeth murders Duncan Essay

‘By the time Macbeth murders Duncan, he has just lost the fight for his soul’. Talk about this announcement and inspect the components which lead to his choice to slaughter the lord. It is the point of this article to assess and decide the legitimacy of the above proclamation. I will look at the elements which lead to Macbeth’s choice to slaughter the lord. The definition for a person’s soul is the otherworldly piece of them that should proceed after their body is dead. Individuals likewise use ‘soul’ to allude to a person’s mind, character, musings and emotions. ‘The fight for his soul’ speaks to whether this individual submits to great or malevolence. The elements that I will take a gander at specifically while thinking about what drove Macbeth to submit the homicide, are the witches and Lady Macbeth. The play starts with the witches who present Macbeth by saying they will meet him. ‘There to meet with Macbeth’. This is a viable method to begin the play, as individuals were extremely eccentric at that point. They had confidence in witches and they accepted they were malevolent. One individual who was extremely watchful and inquisitive about such issues was James I and Shakespeare had composed this play for him. The black powder plot occurred the earlier year and James I was, subsequently, touchy and worried about future death endeavors. Shakespeare was composing for a group of people who were overwhelmingly Christian and who trusted in paradise and hellfire; the manner in which somebody carried on earth would choose what befell them when they passed on. The spirit is significant in this play and this is the reason ‘Macbeth’ may have been well known as individuals were keen on these things. On the off chance that somebody lost their spirit, they would be lost to God and would be sentenced to hellfire forever. Macbeth rambles about this in his sensational monologs. Duncan was a decent fair lord who had sat idle yet treat Macbeth as an old buddy. Duncan calls him ‘worthiest cousin’, which recommends the closeness of their relationship. Duncan is thankful for Macbeth’s courage in fight. He says, ‘I have started to plant thee and will work, to make thee loaded with growing†. Duncan is stating he will effectively compensate him for being so bold. Duncan is an excellent individual, Macbeth says, â€Å"Duncan hath borne his resources so mild hath been so clear in his extraordinary office that his temperances will argue like angel†. Macbeth realizes that he was acceptable he despite everything killed him. Thusly is no reason for what he has done. The King is Macbeth’s visitor so he ought to secure him, not assault him. There are various responses from Macbeth and Banquo to the witches’ expectations. Banquo accepts that Macbeth will become lord since he has just become Thane of Cawdor, similarly as the witches had anticipated. He imagines that it is extremely bizarre how the witches are helping them. Besides, he accepts the witches will be benevolent to them and have their trust just to sell out them later. He is unmistakably astonished and stays doubtful with regards to their expectations. The distinctive response by Macbeth is obvious when he is stunned from the start subsequent to hearing what the witches need to state. He really accepts that he will become lord as two of the forecasts have demonstrated exact. Things can just show signs of improvement for Macbeth, or so he accepts. Macbeth’s assessment of the witches stays uncertain and he doesn't generally have the foggiest idea what to think about the ‘weird sisters’. There are clashing convictions that he has. Right off the bat, he accepts they are bad, however on the off chance that they were awful for what reason did they give him such achievement? It appears that he is starting to believe the witches when he considers the achievement that they have given to him. Banquo, then again, in a flash doubts them and accepts ‘†¦to win us to our damage, the instruments of dimness let us know truths’. When Lady Macbeth gets Macbeth’s letter about the witch’s expectations she starts to design the homicide: ‘Come, you spirits that tend on mortal musings, unsex me here and fill me from the crow to the toe top loaded with direst cruelty.’ She needs to be loaded up with mercilessness and needs detestable spirits to groups her. She needs to lose her gentility and become masculine so she is fit for the best remorselessness. She would like to lose her spirit so she doesn't feel remorseful. The elements that lead Macbeth to murder the ruler are the witches, Lady Macbeth and his own character. The witches drove Macbeth to the homicide when they welcomed him and said ‘All hail Macbeth, that will be top dog hereafter.’ In the hour of the play it was accepted that witches could take evil ownership of individuals and cause them to do what they needed. Macbeth sees a blade not long before the homicide of Duncan. A few people may state that the witches put the picture before him to drive him into killing. Nonetheless, Act 1, scene 1 proposes that there are cutoff points to the witch’s powers; they can't slaughter. They talk about a woman who didn't give them nuts so they need to recover her, and furthermore her better half who is on a pontoon. ‘I’ll give thee wind.’ ‘I’ll channel him as dry as roughage. They express numerous things that they will do to him however they don't make reference to executing him and this demonstrates demise isn't in their capacity. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have a decent relationship, they appear to jump on very well together and when they are separated they miss one another. Later in the play Lady Macbeth starts to take control and turns out to be fairly predominant. She can convince him to do anything. Macbeth concluded that he would not like to proceed with the homicide however Lady Macbeth talked him into it by considering him a defeatist and utilizing brutal words. ‘And live a weakling in thine own self esteem’. She says this after Macbeth will not continue any further with the homicide. She is provoking and embarrassing him. At the point when Macbeth convinces himself not to submit the homicide, ‘We will continue no further in this business,’ Lady Macbeth makes him alter his perspective by considering him a ‘coward’. She lets him know, ‘When you durst do it, at that point you were a man’. The suggestion being that he is done acting like a man. She reveals to him that on the off chance that he breaks this guarantee, he will break every single other guarantee including those made to her, ‘Such I account thy love’. By the by, she guarantees that she would prefer to run out the cerebrums of an infant at that point break such a guarantee. Shakespeare uses amazingly solid symbolism to accentuate exactly how significant it is for her. In Macbeth’s sensational monolog he gives numerous reasons concerning why he wouldn't like to proceed with the homicide. Numerous contemplations are going through his mind, for example, the dread of Duncan returning as something awful in his next life. Moreover, he thinks something terrible will occur in the event that he proceeds with it. ‘To plague th’ designer. This fair Justice’ He is conflicting with the deed of executing the ruler. ‘Strong both against the deed: at that point, as his host’. He is a brother, hence he can not execute someone on a similar side as him and this proposes it isn't care for him at all and he wouldn't like to end his life. At the point when Lady Macbeth enters he doesn't disclose to her these reasons yet gives various ones inside and out. He says the lord has been regarding him as of late and individuals have high assessments of him. Therefore, he needs to stay mainstream with individuals. Macbeth must slaughter Duncan with the goal that he can be the best and have his spot. The witches revealed to him that he would be above all else, however not really by killing him. At first the homicide has been concocted completely by Macbeth and not suggested by any other individual. As Macbeth states, ‘If chance will make them ruler, why chance me crown me, without stir’. He is stating that on the off chance that he becomes lord that is acceptable however he will do nothing to make himself ruler. As he concedes, his lone thought process in the slaughtering is ‘Vaulting ambition’. I will presently consider the idea of Macbeth’s sin. The wrongdoing that has been submitted is genuinely malevolent, yet I don't accept that Macbeth is essentially abhorrent. The way that Macbeth accepts that he will never be pardoned demonstrates he is really repentant. The main explanation Duncan was killed was for Macbeth’s individual addition. Macbeth had no genuine motivation to slaughter him, as the ruler was a dear companion. There are numerous reasons that propose that Macbeth ought to never be pardoned for this. The homicide was without hesitating and it had been arranged and not submitted seemingly out of the blue. Macbeth would not like to proceed with it yet Lady Macbeth incited him to do as such. This is the reason I trust Macbeth isn't shrewd on the grounds that he was headed to it. After the homicide the men of the hour were spread with blood to cause it to appear as though they had submitted the homicide. Toward the beginning of the day Macbeth murders them also imagining that he has carried on of ‘violent love’ for Duncan. He does this to get himself in the clear and to evade doubt. Along these lines, the husbands to be can't deny submitting the homicide. Macbeth has executed the lord. At that point, there was a conviction that rulers were gotten onto the royal position through God’s power (divine right) thus an assault on the king’s power was viewed as acting against God’s wishes. This is the purpose behind him to take a hike as God has repudiated him. Macbeth says, â€Å"He’s here in twofold trust: first, as I am his brother and his subject, solid both against the deed; at that point as his host, who ought to against his killer shut the entryway, Not tolerate the blade myself.† Macbeth realizes that what he has done isn't right as he ought to be caring for his visitor. After the homicide, Macbeth can't state the word ‘Amen’, â€Å"But wherefore would I be able to articulate ‘Amen’ I had most need of gift and ‘Amen'†. He feels that God has abandoned

The Impact of ICT on Records Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2382 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? THE IMPACT OF ICT ON RECORDS MANAGEMENT IN AN ORGANISATION CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Over a quarter of a century ago, Ben Russak (1975) noted that traditional models of scholarly communication would be undermined by the photocopy machine and the computer. His prediction has held: the advent of new information technologies that have completely and irrevocably transformed the ways in which materials are created, structured, stored, transmitted, distributed, communicated, and accessed, have similarly transformed the means and modes of scientific communication. During the past decade, global communications have changed dramatically, as a result of the increased use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). ICTs are becoming necessary if countries are to compete on a global scale. Oliver (1999) sees ICT as the science that investigates the properties and behaviour of information, the force governing the flow of information and the means of processing information for optimum accessibility and usability. In the past few years Information Communication Te chnology (ICT) has spread through the whole world in a big way. Computers are finding their way into schools and higher learning institutions, government and the private sector, and other organisations. In many cases, ICT has penetrated work and learning environments unplanned. Many governments and users recognize the potential of ICT and the opportunities it provides, particularly for economic and social development where distances and traditional systems have tended to hamper progress. ICT also presents opportunities for recordkeeping in developing countries. Bamiro and Liverpool (2002 in Akwegwu et al 2011) observe that the computer (ICT) has already invaded and dominated universities in the developed world. It has also been widely acknowledged that ICTs have the potential to play an immediate role in the quest for sustainable and equitable development in Third World countries. In Ghana, over the past few years there have been attempts by governments past and present to improv e Ghanaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s information highways because of the realization of the use of ICT as a tool for sustainable development, which is indeed significant. This has led to some improvements in ICT infrastructure though there is still room for further improvement. The private sector has also been very instrumental in developments in this sector, building some form of infrastructure on their own with great success. Records management as a field of work and as a means of ensuring productivity has not been given the necessary attention that it deserves in Ghana until recently when both public and private institutions have started to pay attention to good records management systems and practices. Although International Standard for the management of business records (ISO 15489) emphasizes the need for good records management as an effective way for countries and organizations to fulfil their obligations and meet expectations of their stakeholders, this requirement has suffered a major backlash in Ghana. Records and record keeping constitute the life wire of organizations (Egwunyenga, 2006). It would be very difficult to plan and administer any organization such as the school effectively if records are not kept and managed properly. School records are documents, books, diskettes and files which contain information on what goes on in the school (academic and non-academic activities), school personnel, students as well as other school resources such as instructional materials (Olagboye, 2004). Record keeping and management ought to be taken as a vital responsibility by school authorities because of the indispensable role records play in the effective day-to-day running of the school. However, most school authorities do not have a good culture of record keeping. The few records that are kept are usually not properly stored, thus creating the problem of retrieval to users when needed. The few school authorities that have adopted the electronic record-ke eping practice in the record management system of their institutions have risen above such problems of storage and retrieval, as ICT affords the opportunity to have a quick and easy view of all the records on school activities. Technological advancement had contributed to the effective storage and management of school records. ICT and record management have a strong degree of commonality and many complementary skills. ICT and record management are both concerned with the creation, storage, accessibility and security of digital information. The ultimate aim of both record management and ICT is to support, protect and enable the business of the organisation in a cost-effective manner now and in the future. Information and Communication Technology is the major change perceived in the world of record management. However, where ICT engineers and maintains systems to manage an organisationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s information assets, the focus of record management is on protecting, classi fying and maintaining the authenticity of records, so they remain accessible and function as evidence of the business conducted for as long as they are required to be kept. With Information and Communication Technology, Record Management should be simple as compared with the complexity of traditional record keeping. The use of ICT for school record keeping and management gives an overview of the number of students that registered, accurate information on studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ fees payment status, and a comprehensive database of staff, students and instructors with just a click. However in most of the tertiary institutions in Ghana the case is different where almost all their records and record management are done manually and Ho Polytechnic is not an exception. 1.2Problem Statement Problem Statement In the past few years Information Communication Technology (ICT) has spread through the Pacific region in a big way. Computers are finding their way into schools and higher learning institutions, government the private sector, and other organisations. In many cases, ICTà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ has penetrated work and learning environments unplanned (Setareki Tale and Opeta Alefaio, National Archives of Fiji 2005). Example, in the past years, typing was done with typewriters, then there was a transformation to the use of computers, now, not only are computers used to type, but one can programme it to take dictations of notes and type them. However, Ho Polytechnic since its inception is now seeing some level of ICT innovations where a program called topas was introduced to generate studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ record. This was causing problem of updating studentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ records by itself and key in data could not be changed. Lecturers and students are not comfortable with this program, so new programs are being introduced but there are still lapses in the record keeping and management systems which need to be addressed. Retrieving or getting infor mation or records on students, staff and people in polytechnic community is difficult. In the General Office, there are still bulky files which are presumed to be records of the polytechnic and the use of computers; does it mean that filing is done both manually and with computers? Also students Transcripts, attestation and results takes a long time before they get them. Why does it take so long a time? Looking at the population of about a thousand and above, students still queue for several number of days to have their registration done per head on paper. Results of students need to be processed as fast as possible that is why there is the need for the use of ICT to speed up the process of retrieving files when needed. This problem needs to be checked before the institution lose its customers (students) because there are other institutions out there which have a well-planned record management systems and students records are retrieved on time. It looks disturbing that a big orga nization like the Ho Polytechnic appears to have problems with record management in this era of ICT. This research seeks to outline the necessity of the authorities of the institution to migrate at all cost to the use of the ICT and the various benefits which comes along with it, which will go a long way to ease the work of the administration and the student body as a whole. Thereby answering the question when will we ever stop spending days in a queue to register at the beginning of every semester. 1.3 Justification Since the penetration of ICT into the third world countries, there have been several studies on the impact of ICT on record management, education systems and the development of Ghana as a whole. (Adebi,Teye Emmanual, 2012; George Amanortsu et al, 2013; Albert Kwansah et al, 2012). Adebi, 2012, in his study on the assessment of ICT in senior high schools, found out that lack of training, knowledge about computers and experience in the use of computers are the fact ors affecting the use of ICT in classrooms. George et al 2013, conducted a study on the access and usage of ICT in the Polytechnics, reveal that experience of introducing more and different ICTs in classrooms and other educational settings suggest the full realization of the potential educational benefits of ICT. Albert et al, 2012 researched into the use of ICT in front office operation of chain hotels in Ghana. It was found that ICT has positive impact on the front office of chain hotels by reducing queues to the barely negligible. However there has been no extensive study on the impact of ICT on record management in institutions in Ghana. Ghanaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s population is increasing and for that matter the increase in student population in tertiary institutions which means more administrative activities making retrieving or getting information or records on students, staff and people in polytechnic community difficult and so the need for better and more stringent way of reco rd keeping and management. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Impact of ICT on Records Management" essay for you Create order 1.4 Research Questions In view of the objectives set for the study, the study is guided by the following questions:- What is the importance of records management in Ho Polytechnic? How and what method will be adopted for ICT to have a positive effect on Record Management? What form of data base management system does Ho Polytechnic utilise? Is Ho Polytechnic system of record keeping automated or manual? What ways would ICT be used to improve records management system. 1.5 Objectives of Study The main objective of the study is to investigate how ICT has contributed to the enhancement of records management in Ho Polytechnic. To determine the importance of Records Management in Ho Polytechnic. To determine the effect of ICT on record Management To find out if Ho Polytechnic has a data base management system. To find out if record system is automated or manual. To determine ways to improve record management systems using ICT 1.6. Significance of the Study This study is expected to provide a basis for comprehensive information on information and communication technology and its impact on record management in institutions in Ghana. The study will established the existing gaps in the adoption of information and communication technology in the record management of Ho polytechnic in the Volta region of Ghana. The result of the study has the potential to contribute immensely to the strategic decision making of the top management of Ho Polytechnic. This will enable them to give much attention to records management using ICT and automate most of their process such as student registrations, fee pay and result among others for effective and efficient management of the institution. The study would also be beneficial to policy decision makers to take concrete decision on how the tertiary system in Ghana should be ran and how to keep records for quick and timely decision making through the use of ICT. Also the result of the study would help individuals especially entrepreneurs, managers, business organizations who are yet to enter into business to consider all the relevance of ICT in records management of an organisation. The study would also serve as a reference material for further investigation by interested researchers who might want to know more about the impact of Information and Communication Technology on records management 1.7 Scope of the Study This study will concentrate on issues bordering on access to and use of ICT in institutions record management. The focus of this study will be on the extent to which access to and use of ICT by management, staffs and department as whole in an institutionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s record management and the impact it has made on the record management. The scope of the study is limited to Ho Polytechnic, as it will be easier for the researchers to reach their subjects. Ideally, it would have been appropriate to include other tertiary institutions in the study in order to be able to compare access and use of ICT in various institutions record management since this is an issue in most tertiary institutions in Ghana. However, the cost involved in such endeavor and the time available for the research has not made this feasible. 1.8Limitation of the Study As it is with any research that will need findings, the research will be limited by variety of factors which include: time, finances and access to information on the topic. Time will be a constraint due to the fact that the period allocated for the research is short to allow adequate collection of information on the study. Finances pay a major role in researches of this kind. This is so because the researches need to buy materials, print documents and travel to the place of data collection. Without finance the study will not portray the true picture it supposes to produce. The initial unwillingness of the school administrators in allowing the researchers to use their institution for the research study and the provision of requested information. The unwillingness of some of the respondents to return the questionnaires is another constraint to this study. It is anticipated that some respondent will not cooperate during research data collection. Others will only tick the responses without thorough reading and understanding of the questions well. Organization of Study The study has been divided into five chapters. Chapter one (1) outlines the introduction of the study, the problem statement, justification objectives, research questions, significance of the study, scope, limitation and organization of the study. Chapter two (2) entails the literature review of the study, sets the theoretical base of the research and to set the current research perspective to show the state of the art and it is the reviewing of secondary data. Chapter three (3) covers the methods of data or information gathering. It includes the definition of the study area, , its population, research design, sample size, the sampling techniques, the mode of data collection and analysis. Chapter four(4) deals with data presentation and analysis. Chapter five (5) addresses summary of the major findings that is the conclusion and recommendation. 1

P2 - to Achieve P2, You Will Describe the Limitations and...

Task 2 To achieve P2, you will describe the limitations and constraints of marketing. Prepare an information sheet that readers of your article could access online. This information sheet should include: * Legal requirements * Voluntary codes and constraints * Refer to examples you can find (see www.asa.org.uk) This part of the assignment will be assessed as an individual report written about one organisation. Consumer Law Consumer Law is where marketing activities of the business must be within the constraints of the law. In recent years the European Union has strengthened consumer protection law. Businesses must keep up to date with legislation so that their activities are not unlawful Sales of Goods Act 1979 The†¦show more content†¦Voluntary Codes of Advertising Practice All marketing activities are also monitored by the independent Advertising Standards Agency. This is an industry body that promotes and maintains the British Code of Advertising, Sales Promotion and Direct Marketing. This is a set of rules and standards that businesses follow when marketing so they can keep within the legal framework. It also ensures to protect customers from misleading claims and it creates an even footing for advertisers. The principles of the code should result in advertisements not being misleading or offensive. If an advertiser breaches the code, the Advertising Standards Agency can insists that it approves any advertising before it is published or broadcasted. They can also refer the advertiser to the Office of Fair Trading or they can even ask TV stations, Radio stations or publishers to remove the advertisement from their broadcasts and publications. Pressure Groups Pressure Groups are an organized group working to influence the behaviors and beliefs of government and/or businesses. There are thousands operating in the UK and they will try to raise the profile of their cause in the media to raise public awareness. This can lead to negative publicity which damages the businesses reputation and its sales. Consumerism Consumerism is a social movement that is giving consumers some powers over businesses. 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What Are The Risks Of Climate Change And Global Warming

What are the risks of climate change and global warming? Type in your name EDRD plus your Section number Type in the Instructor’s name February 20, 2015 Abstract One of the largest problems fronting the world today is global warming. Many experts believe that our makings of carbon dioxide and extra greenhouse gases have a heating effect on the troposphere, and this can be very hazardous to human life. This research paper will explore the issue of global warming and propose ways to resolve the issue. Introduction Global climate change and the change will have a significant impact on people, ecosystems, cities and energy on the planet. Temperature global average air temperature is 1.5 degrees already that they were from the beginning of the twentieth century and grew by only about 1 degree during the last 30 years. Many complications have top to global warming. One of the major problems is hovering sea levels. This might lead to submerging of small seaside zones and towns, such as Egypt, the Netherlands and Bangladesh. Some places may even disappear altogether! Another problem caused by global warming and climate change. Many parts of the world are experiencing an increase in hurricanes, floods and other unusual weather. A third issue is the effect of global warming on animals. Fish populations may be affected, while some insects that spread disease may become more frequent. Body Climate change raises the risk of extreme drought events more intense hurricanes,Show MoreRelatedWhat Are The Risks Of Climate Change And Global Warming?1513 Words   |  7 Pages What Are The Risks Of Climate Change And Global Warming? One can not disagree with the fact that the Earth s climate is changing and it has genuinely become a global problem for mankind. It goes without saying that the fact of the global climate change is confirmed by scientific observations and is not disputed by most scholars. And yet, apparently, there are ongoing discussions around this topic. Some use the term global warming and make apocalyptic predictions, while others predict the onsetRead MoreWhat Are The Risks Of Climate Change And Global Warming?1518 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are the risks of climate change and global warming? Climate change has been a pertinent issue in the media as of the past decade. With much debate on its severity, some simply believe that it is the result of alternating weather patterns. Meanwhile, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change claims that global warming â€Å"has been driven by human activity,† continuing on to say that its existence is â€Å"unequivocal† (sciencemag). As most scientific research suggests, it is evident that climateRead MoreMariah Miller. Professor Fandel. Eng 105. 5 May 2017. Global1613 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor Fandel ENG 105 5 May 2017 Global Warming Spring is upon us and summer is fast approaching; the weather in Iowa is unpredictable as usual. A few weeks ago, it was unseasonably warm, for the sake of comfort I switched the heat off and the air conditioner on; not your typical April, or is it? Based on scientific research I believe the explanation for the bizarre weather patterns are caused by climate changes that are the result of global warming. What is global warming? It is when the earth s atmosphereRead MoreGlobal Warming Is An Global Issue That The World Is Facing Right Now Essay1528 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal warming is an unsolvable issue that the world is facing right now. Some causes of global warming are not a natural thing to happen in this environmental conflict. Numbers of scientists, environmentalists, and researchers has been trying to know the other reasons for the sudden changes of the climate over time. Many of these environmental specialists believe that the changes in the global climate are called the â €Å"global warming.† Based on the article of Chaya Dachoh, global warming is a globalRead MoreIllegal Drugs : Source And Solution And It s The Problem Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pagesinternationally consume drugs. Which is the most common used drug in the U.S. What is the most commonly used drug in the U.S. Young people take more drugs than before. High school students drank alcohol and smoked drugs. People want to change. People think drugs are the solution and it’s the problem. The consequences of drugs are worse than the real problems they had before. You shouldn’t take drugs. Different drugs. They change drugs. Marijuana most used drug. Illegal Drugs ââ€"  Drugs have been part ofRead MoreThe Warming And Global Warming1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe Warming World Around Us The world is warming and we cannot deny it, the longer we deny the larger the problem it will become. Global warming is affecting the world economy, the overall health of the population, and most importantly the environment that surrounds us. Ignoring this problem will not just make it suddenly disappear; the world has to make an effort to stop it while it can still be maintained. Accepting the fact that it is happening is just the first step, the next step is takingRead MoreGlobal Warming Essay1407 Words   |  6 PagesNovember 2014 Global Warming Essay The idea of global became prevalent when the world began industrializing. As the popularity of cars grew and industrial factories began to spring up the air quality suffered. The problem was not recognized because, aside from a few orange skies, there were no obvious effects. Although in this day and age we can see what global warming is doing to our Earth, there are still those people who believe that humans are too small to make an impact. Global warming is tooRead MoreGlobal Warming And Climate Change1131 Words   |  5 Pagesattribute this to human-caused climate change. During President Obama’s State of the Union address in 2015, he stated that, â€Å"No challenge poses a greater threat to future generations than climate change,† (â€Å"Remarks by the President†). Warming temperatures caused by anthropogenic climate change have disastrous consequences that pose a threat to humanity and the environment. Scientists have given numerous warnings that human-caused, or anthropogenic, climate change is not only occurring now, butRead MoreGlobal Warming And Climate Change974 Words   |  4 Pagesabout global warming, whether it is true or false. Is there evidence to prove that global warming has impacted the climate due to the rise in the earth’s temperature? Climate change is a problem that is worldwide that should be reviewed. The rise in the earth’s temperature has caused some impact to the weather and climate changes to many places worldwide. This rise in temperature has the potential of causing drastic changes to the earth in many ways. It is time to view the global warming concernsRead MoreClimate Change : Global Warming, And The Disappearing Of The Ozone Layer862 Words   |  4 PagesDid you know that with all this talk about global warming, and the disappearing of the ozone layer, the root of the problem is us? Yes, we’re the cause of all those probl ems. We keep putting something called greenhouse gases into the air. A few greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane. While some climate change is natural, humans need to be careful about greenhouse gases because ecosystems are changing, sea levels are rising, and global average temperature increased by more than

Toyota Kirloskar Motors Jit Essay Example For Students

Toyota Kirloskar Motors Jit Essay Toyota Production System at TOYOTA KIRLOSKAR MOTOR PRIVATE LIMITED CONTENTS: 1 2 3 Introduction to Toyota Profile of Toyota Kirloskar motor. Toyota Production System practices in TKM. 4 Overview of TKM Logistics. †¢ †¢ Just In Time Kaizen- (Continuous Improvement in logistics) 5 Future â€Å"Supply Chain† Direction. TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION †¢ Established in 1937 in Japan †¢ 160 Countries 5400 Dealers. †¢ 26 Countries 46 Plants †¢ Sales of 15. 1 trillion Yen in March 2002 †¢ 247,000 employees worldwide. †¢ Manufacture of all types of Vehicles including Luxury Small Cars. Automakers ranking worldwide based on vehicle sales 9000 8000 No. of Units Sold (1=1000 Units) 2003 First quarter Result Toyota – No. 2 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 GM Ford Toyota VW Daimler Chrysler PSA Honda Nissan Renault Fiat Company Toyota is 3rd Largest Auto Maker in the World TKM is the 14th almost the last automobile manufacturer to enter in Indian automobile industry TOYOTA KIRLOSKAR MOTOR PRIVATE LTD Establishment Location Start of Production Production Model Production Capacity Investment No. of Employees : : : : : : : 6th October 1997 Bidadi near Bangalore in Karnataka State Dec 1999 Multi Purpose Vehicle Passenger car 50,000 Units/year US$ 170 Million (Phase I) 2300 PRODUCTION / SALES 50000 40000 Volume 30000 20000 10000 0 Corolla Qualis 21086 28509 2000 2001 2002 1383 28989 Crossed 1Lakh cars in Sept 03 2003 9000 34000 COMPLETE VIEW OF TKM PLANT In-house facilities at TKM Press Shop Weld Shop Paint Shop Assembly Shop Inspection Area ISO 14001 WITHIN THE FIRST YEAR TPS AT TOYOTA KIRLOSKAR MOTORS IMPLEMENTATION OF TPS IN TKM TAKT UP (7. 5’ 7’) TAKT UP (9. 25’ TAKT DOWN START OF TAKT 8’) (7’ TAKT UP 8’) UP (10’ TAKT UP 8’) i TAKT UP 7. 5’) (12’ 9. 25’) (8’ 3000START OF SECOND t (9. 25’ 8’) TAKT DOWN s SHIFT TAKT DOWN (8’ 10’) 2500 / (8’ 9. 5) TAKT DOWN TAKT DOWN M (9. 25’(8’ 12’) 9. 25’) o 3500 n U VEHICLE QUALITY TREND 2000 n t 1500 h Just In Time 70. 00% 68. 00% Standardized Work GLOBAL TOYOTA LEVEL REFORM LEVEL IMPROVEMENT TKM 0 AS ON DATE MAINTENANCE TIME M-I-R START OF VOLUME PRODUCTION 1000 500 0 Dec- Jan99 00 Feb00 Mar- A p r May- Jun00 00 00 00 Jul- Aug- Sep00 00 00 Oct- Nov- Dec- Jan00 00 00 01 Feb01 Mar- A p r May- Jun01 01 01 01 Jul- Aug- Sep01 01 01 Oct- Nov- Dec01 01 01 Heijunka This is the average yield ratio of all the suppliers I. e. STTI, Visual Control Board Built in Quality GLOBAL YIELD RATIO COMPARISON This data excludes 15. 474 kg/veh of material saved by sending offals to supplierpartslikeNTTF,STANZEN QUALIS BASIC YEILD RATIO 66. 00% 64. 00% 62. 00% TPS 133W133W 797T 2 1 4 0 N 0 4 351T 143N 4 3 9 3 T 0 T 0 5 231T 0W 325N 316T 0W 3 T 0 T 7 6 4 9 415T4 0 0 T 0 395T 0W 2 186N 465N 4 153T 391T 9 0 4 T 6 1 5 0 T 5 0 T 7 8 652T 651T 6 7 0 1 T N 3 0 525T 828T 191N0 0 2 T T 9 133W971T 6 1 5 N 0 0 0 9 8 5 7 541T 8 T T 1 0 N 1 T 6 5 2 0 4 5 0 T 0 0 8 9 T T 5 0 8 477T 8 N 8 9 T 0 T 7 185T 7 277N 781T 0 T 8 0 T 60 3. 42%06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1. 6%00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1. 48% 00 00 00 00 0% . 5% 0% 0% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 8% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0% 0% 0% 0% . . . . 61% 61%90 67% 69% 64%80 64% 62%80 68. 00%69%70 66% 62% 62% 68%60 65%67 61% 00%68% 65%50 63% 67%40 68% 68% 68%40 66% 62% 62%46 61% 61% 67%39 65% 61% 00%68% 68%20 66% 65% 65%20 60. 70%62. 00%65% 86%57% 40 40 62% 90 80 80 68% 80 80 61% . . . . . . . . . 79 69% 75 77 70 40 65% 60 62% 60 66. 50 50 64% 50 30 69% 40 40 40 67% 40 40 40 61% 40 40 30 65% 20 30 63. 20 20 66% 20 27 20 65% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 60. 90 . . MODELS 60. 00% 58. 00% M OE ETYIDSNU0 I P VMNI E A AG R NL O 1 DTCLETDUNLEF FUL AAOLCEDRGI OO AI I N- F Q S Challenge Team Work Genchi Genbutsu Jidoka Kaizen OVERVIEW OF LOGISTIC OPERATIONS TKM’S Logistics concept †¢ Just in time supply †¢ Small lot high frequency delivery †¢ Palletised cargo †¢ Standardized packaging TKM SUPPLY CHAIN CBU LOGISTIC In 1993 worldwide illegal copying of domestic and EssayQTY/BOX 10 PACKING CODE : 55581- 0B010- 00 PB10123 516 SEQ NO 1 DOCK 01 PARTS READY FOR DESPATCH AT SUPPLIER SIDE (BANGALORE SUPPLIER CASE OPERATING WITHOUT CROSS DOCK) LOADING / UNLOADING USING FORK LIFT LABELS FACING OUTSIDE PARTS PALLETISED Parts stacking at PC Zone ready for in-house logistics: †¢Parts are stored at PC Zone at predefined locations Line wise or process wise. TKM Inventory Status 9 8 7 6 Stock in Days 5 4 3 2 1 0 Conventional System Kanban System -1~ 16 delivery / day Truck status control by wireless – Time control Safety Stock Avg 6 Hrs (0. 3 days) Safety Stock Avg 4 Hrs (0. 5 days ) Frequency increase with Mix logistics of TKM Suppliers Avg 2 Hrs TKM Current ( Y 2003 ) TMC Inventory of Bangalore supplier ( No Cross dock operations) JUST IN TIME JUMBIKI SYSTEM ( Sequential Procurement ) JUST IN TIME Jumbiki System †¢ System for total elimination of Inventory. †¢ System to supply Part s directly from supplier to Assembly line according to sequence of production. †¢ Suitable for bulky Parts with more variants supplied by nearby supplier e. g- Seats, Door Trims, Carpets (Araco) CENTRAL CONTROL ROOM (CCR) JUMBIKI SYSTEM Line In Based on Production Leveling Assembly ASSEMBLY LINE Information to CCR Fax to Supplier Receiving and Supply to Line Preparation at Supplier Transport to TKM Pre defined Time Scale based on tact time JUMBIKI SYSTEM CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM Model A Model B Model C Assembly Line JUMBIKI Model A Model B Model C Assembly Line For Model A For Model B For Model C A1 A1 A1 B1 B1 B1 C1 C1 C1 A1 B1 A2 A2 A2 B2 B2 B2 C2 C2 C2 TPS A2 B2 A3 A3 A3 B3 B3 B3 C3 C3 C3 A3 B3 Stock of each set Seats received from supplier in sequence of Production Plan JUMBIKI PARTS RECEIVED JUMBIKI SEAT AT LINE SIDE JUST IN TIME IN-HOUSE LOGISTICS JUST IN TIME INHOUSE LOGISTICS (Chorukyu System) WELDING SHOP CONVENTION SYSTEM TKM SYSTEM Manufacturing Manufacturing TPS A1 A5 A2 A6 A3 A7 A4 A8 A1 A5 A2 A6 A3 A7 A4 A8 INHOUSE LOGISTICS (SMALL LOT SUPPLY) INHOUSE LOGISTICS – ASSEMBLY SHOP SEQUENTIAL SUPPLY SYSTEM INHOUSE LOGISTICS – ASSEMBLY SHOP SEQUENTIAL SUPPLY SYSTEM SUPER FLEXIBLE ASSEMBLY LINE TKM IS CHALLENGING NEW CONCEPT OF SUPER FLEXIBLE LINE THAT IS MIXED PRODUCTION OF MPV (frame model) AND PASSENGER CAR (monocock model) ON SINGLE PRODUCTION LINE, BY QUICK LAUNCHING OF NEXT MODEL ON THE EXISTING PRODUCTION LINE. KAIZEN (CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT) Kaizen based on practice of manufacturing Shooter system to maintain perfect FIFO Before After †¢FIFO not followed †¢Mikara not established †¢Unsafe movement of F/L †¢FIFO achieved †¢Mikara established †¢ F/L movement standardized Kaizen based on practice of manufacturing Pallet, Dolly, Flow rack to reduce handling Before After †¢Double handling of Parts †¢Generates waiting time †¢Fatigue while parts picking †¢Direct supply of parts †¢zero waiting time †¢Workability improved †¢Space reduced (210 Sq. mt) Kaizen based on practice of manufacturing Combined Logistics Kaizen based on practice of manufacturing Collapsible Returnable packing The space saved by this kind of packing is used to transport service parts to dealers on the return journey Kaizen based on practice of manufacturing Kaizen in packing areas 1 Plastic Caps of hose flexible eliminated 2 Achieved 99% returnable packaging FUTURE DIRECTION E Kanban SERVICE SERVICE PROVIDE PROVIDE R R Supplier operations SUPPLIER S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S8 S9 CROSS CROSS DOCK DOCK S1 0 S1 1 S1 2 Download Kanban data TKM in-house operations TKM P In-house Bar Coded Kanban e Kanban information to Suppliers/ Cross Dock Kanban Room Store Cards Insert cards Store Parts Cross Dock operations CROSS DOCK S1 S2 S 3 S 10 S4 S5 W T A PC Z O N E S 1 S 8 S 2 S 9 S 3 S 1 0 S 4 S 1 1 S 5 S 1 2 S8 S9 S1 1 S1 2 Download Kanban data Receive Material 1st Step Mixed Logistics Mixed Logistics Concept Increase frequency Reduce lot size Purpose: 1) Share logistics between TKM Supplier. 2) Reduce lot, increase delivery frequency and finally reduce inventory. 3) Reduce transportation cost. 4) Mutual development and benefit between TKM supplier. Example Mixed Logistics Image TKM TKAP Mixed Logistics Closing word We live in an age of constant change ‘Todays perfection is tomorrows mediocrity’ We need to realise improve THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Public Relations Campaign Case study

Introduction In marketing their products and services, firms in different economic sectors are faced with a challenge emanating from the business environment. In order to deal with these challenges, organizations have to be effective in their marketing communication.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Public Relations Campaign Case study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Moutinho and Chien (2008, p.179), incorporation of integrated marketing communication is one of the ways that firms can achieve this. There are diverse marketing communication techniques that firms can consider. One such technique entails using public relations. Egan (2008, p.247), defines public relations as the process through which a firm develops the image of its products and services. Alternatively, public relations can be defined as the process through which a firm develops a strong relationship with the public. In an effo rt to understand public relations, this paper illustrates case studies of firms that incorporated public relations in their market communication effort. Case Studies Problem and situations Over the years it has been in operation, Procter Gamble Company has managed to acquire a substantial market share with regard to consumer goods. One of the products that the firm produces is Dawn Dishwashing Liquid. Upon its introduction into the market, Dawn gained a substantial recognition and reputation within the market as being an effective detergent in the removal of grease. However, the company faced a challenge from the competitors who were luring customers. Dawn’s competitors were imitating the value that the firm offers to its customers’ by offering dishwashing detergents in larger bottles and at a lower price. This had adverse effects on Dawn which lost a proportion of its market value (Business Consulting Buzz, 2009, para. 3). Similarly, Johnson Johnson has been effectiv e in the provision of consumer goods around the world. The firm is committed at developing new products in order to meet the customer’s demands. The firm deals with diverse product categories such as adhesive bandages.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An example of adhesive bandage that the firm supplies to the market is the Band-Aid bandage. During the 20th century, Band-Aid became widely recognized amongst a large number of households. However, the firm experienced a challenge emanating from an increment in the intensity of competition. Investors ventured the market with the objective of exploiting the presented market potential. To exploit the market opportunity, competitors developed cheaper generic bandages similar to Band-Aid. As a result, Band-Aid lost a significant proportion of its market value. Solutions In an effort to improve the public image of their products, Proctor Gamble and Johnson Johnson integrated public relations. Proctor Gamble contracted Marina Maher Communications (MMC) to conduct a public relations campaign on its behalf. The objective of the public relations campaign was to communicate the value of Dawn to the customers as being a strong dishwasher. The message of the public relations campaign was that one 25oz bottle of Dawn dishwasher could clean more than 10,000 dishes. For the campaign to be effective, the firm considered it necessary to incorporate an effective slogan which is ‘Dawn Goes The Distance’. Additionally, the firm considered it vital to integrate a strong visual which would communicate the message of power and value. To achieve this, the firm contracted Robbie Knievel of the MMC. He was well known as a daredevil with regard to motorcycling being the son of the famous cyclist Evel Knievel. Robbie Knievel was to jump over 10,000 dishes which were then to be washed with only one 25 oz bottle of Dawn. The show was witnessed by over 1625 spectators. This public relations campaign was very successful. The story was carried in different media such as the radio and the print media. Within a period of one week, the campaign had appealed more than 67million consumers.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Public Relations Campaign Case study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Similarly, Johnson and Johnson contracted a public relations company known as Ogilvy Public Relations2 to undertake a public relations campaign on its behalf. Ogilvy hired Emma Roberts a renowned Nickelodeon Star to endorse Band-Aid bandage. Emma Roberts conducted a comprehensive campaign on different mediums. For example, she conducted a campaign on stickwitawards.com by giving children an opportunity to win a trip to Nickelodeon studios located in Hollywood. The campaign was very successful as evidenced by the 65 million impressions on Band-Aid it developed over the media. The public relations campaign contributed towards Band-Aid regaining its market. Additionally, the campaign contributed towards development of a stick-it-with attitude amongst parents and their kids. Conclusion Public relations campaign is a critical element that firms should consider in their effort to deal with marketing challenges. In their marketing communication, it is paramount for firms to integrate public relations campaign. From the case studies, the two firms effectively integrated public relations campaign. By contracting celebrities to endorse their products, both firms were able to improve the public image of their products. This led to the firms re-establishing their competitive advantage within their respective markets. Recommendations Prior to conducting a public relations campaigns organizations should consider the following. Developing a comprehensive understanding of the objective of the campaign. This will aid in developing an effective public relations campaign. Organizations should also formulate the most effective public relations campaign. Reference List Business Consulting Buzz. (2009). The public relations campaign; two case studies. Web. Egan, J. (2008). Marketing communications. London: Thomson.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moutinho, L. Chien, C. (2008). Problems in marketing. Los Angeles: Sage. This research paper on Public Relations Campaign Case study was written and submitted by user Ayana Mcpherson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Personality Types

Personality types The enduring characteristics of an individual's behavior, attitude, and feelings in everyday social situations make up personality. There are many influences on an individual's personality, including culture, genetics, and early family life (as an infant or young child). Certain studies have shown that people with certain personality characteristics are more suitable for specific occupations or special activities. Personality studies can also reveal the relationship between specific types of personalities and the incidence of disease, divorce, and stress-related problems. There are many different theories concerning the nature and development of personality and the causes of personality changes. The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates believed that people behave differently because they have a predominance of one type of bodily fluid, or humor. According to this theory, people with calm or passive personalities have one dominant humor, while impulsive and temperamental people have a different dominant humor. In the 20th century, other classification schemes were advanced. The German psychiatrist Ernst Kretschmer thought that personality was determined by the person's body typesuch as plump, lean, or athletic. He suggested that short persons were more likely to be social, friendly, and lively. Both of these theories remain unproven. Major advances have been made through behavioral genetics, the field concerned with the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors on individual behavior. One approach is to study the personalities of identical (monozygotic) twins who have been separated since birth. Such individuals have the same genetic makeup but differ in the environments in which they are reared. In a related method of study, the personalities of individuals who are adopted from birth are compared to the personalities of their adoptive and biological parents. ... Free Essays on Personality Types Free Essays on Personality Types Personality types The enduring characteristics of an individual's behavior, attitude, and feelings in everyday social situations make up personality. There are many influences on an individual's personality, including culture, genetics, and early family life (as an infant or young child). Certain studies have shown that people with certain personality characteristics are more suitable for specific occupations or special activities. Personality studies can also reveal the relationship between specific types of personalities and the incidence of disease, divorce, and stress-related problems. There are many different theories concerning the nature and development of personality and the causes of personality changes. The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates believed that people behave differently because they have a predominance of one type of bodily fluid, or humor. According to this theory, people with calm or passive personalities have one dominant humor, while impulsive and temperamental people have a different dominant humor. In the 20th century, other classification schemes were advanced. The German psychiatrist Ernst Kretschmer thought that personality was determined by the person's body typesuch as plump, lean, or athletic. He suggested that short persons were more likely to be social, friendly, and lively. Both of these theories remain unproven. Major advances have been made through behavioral genetics, the field concerned with the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors on individual behavior. One approach is to study the personalities of identical (monozygotic) twins who have been separated since birth. Such individuals have the same genetic makeup but differ in the environments in which they are reared. In a related method of study, the personalities of individuals who are adopted from birth are compared to the personalities of their adoptive and biological parents. ...

Zara Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Zara - Case Study Example Zara’s success has also been attributed to the production of new designs and strong marketing strategies that encourage customers to visit their stores again (Pahl & Mohring, 2009). The use of these strategies has played a huge role in acquiring a larger market; hence, the bigger profit margins. Zara has also acquired some approaches that enhance growth in sales. Unlike most firms in the fashion industry, Zara has been applying the strategy of outsourcing by contracting external manufacturing firms. The outsourcing strategy is an advantage because it avoids the manufacturing costs such as labor. Other firms in the fashion industry include H&M and GAP. The disruptive business The disruptive business model has been used Zara to determine how different the business operates from other businesses in the same industry such as GAP. This determines whether the business achieves its long term efforts to increase their revenue and existence in a competitive market. The disruptive busin ess model mostly involves producing, redesigning and renovating products of services that are provided by the business so as to have unique products and services from firms in the same industry.6). ... Most of the company management teams avoid embracing change because they fear that the new approach may never work, or they may affect the overall performance of the company (Osterwalder & Pigneur, 2010). This factor causes most of the companies not to implement the disruptive approach of management whereas; disruptive approach of management has become the cause of the success of various companies. Modern companies that need to thrive in the market should focus on renovating their products and investing in newer innovative brands as well as their services. Unlike GAP Zara has been able to produce the latest fashion designs because of their consideration to customer specifications while producing new designs and renovating the existing ones. Failure to invest in new and renovated brands leads the company to risk management efforts. Some of the factors to consider while incorporating the disruptive business models include; when new products were last produced, last changes made in the company operations, the last time to enter a new market and whether the company renovated their products among other factors. For a company to grow in revenue and profit margin, it should invest in change and renovations (Jones, 2006). Over the recent past, the apparel industry has been affected by economic pressures due to low costs of manufacturing. This has caused most companies in western countries to seek for new strategies to develop new products and renovate the existing brands. These companies seek for new plans of operation for survival in the highly competitive market and grow in terms of sales and profit margins. This method however, is challenging because the

Reflective journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Reflective journal - Essay Example â€Å"Sustainability implies that an action can be continued indefinitely with little or manageable impact on the environment. This is important because the health of the environment is closely linked with the health of society in general. Sustainable practices ensure that the earth's resources will be available even for future generations to enjoy... Sustainability aims to balance the needs of human societies with the needs of the environment, preserving both for all creatures on earth to make use of and enjoy. Sustainability promotes biodiversity, the preservation of unique ecosystems, the health of the environment, and a high quality of life† (Wise Geek, 2012). Based on such definition, I believe that as members of the human society, we should pursue this two-pronged sustainability, which is both social and environmental, both for the present and future generations, not only for humans, but for all creatures on earth. It is in this endeavour that the activists can play a cr ucial role. Activists are involved in activism. What is activism? â€Å" Activism is a doctrine or practice that emphasizes direct vigorous action especially in support of or opposition to one side of a controversial issue† (Merriam-Webster Dictionary w.com 2012). Activists can promote social and environmental sustainability by several approaches. ... Gandhian ahimsa); 6) peace activist/peace movement; 7) political campaigning; 8) propaganda; 9) protest (demonstration, direct action, protest songs, theatre for social change); 9) strike action (work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work ); 10) youth activism (when the youth voice is engaged in community organizing for social change). I agree that activists can contribute significantly to facilitate some changes in different areas including social and environmental sustainability. Activists can focus their vast energy in changing the perspective of the businesses in favour of the environment. Some authors like Shrivastava (1995) and Welford (1997) as quoted in Sandhu (2010, p. 287) blame the current business systems for the environmental predicament. However, there is an increasing awareness among the business organizations regarding the natural environmental issues and they are taking the challenge and responding in an environmentally responsive ways ( Hart, 2007 , as quoted in Sandhu, 2010, p. 288). The response of the Timberland CEO is one example of an environmentally responsive way (Swartz, 2010). In Timberland's case, activism was in the form of 65,000 Greenpeace supporters who sent angry e-mails to the CEO, accusing Timberland of supporting slave labour, destroying Amazon rain forests and exacerbating global warming. The e-mail senders pointed out that the Brazillian cattle farmers were illegally cutting trees in the Amazon rain forests, for the pastures of grazing cattle, from which the leathers of bootmakers were obtained. Their message was one of concern, and they were strongly urging the company to work with Greenpeace to find permanent global solution to

Virtue and Allah Essay Example for Free

Virtue and Allah Essay In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful, all praises are due to you O Allah; all thanks belong to you O Allah We thank you for all you have done in our life, we appreciate you, we adore you and we glorify your only name, O Allah! Guide us among those you have guided O Allah! Forgive us among those you have forgiven O Allah! Empower us among those you have empowered O Allah! Put your blessing on those things you endowed us with O Allah! We seek for your forgivement and turn away from sins O Allah! We have faith in you and we rely upon you O Allah! Bless us with good conduct that would take us near you O Allah! We have submitted ourselves to you, we are faithful to you, and upon you we rely. From you is our beginning and our protection. O Allah! Don’t put us to shame on the day we shall return to you. O Allah! Accept our Prayers and our Fasting, our Standing, Our bending and our Prostration. O Allah! Guide us against the hell fire O Allah! Make us an inmate of paradise O Allah! O Allah! O Allah! O Allah! The Everlasting, the Creator of Heaven and Earth’s, the most high, the most generous O Allah! Increase us in Knowledge and Understanding, make our Academics our friends, and make us graduate in flying colour O Allah! We beseech you against non – beneficial knowledge and hard heart that would always fear Allah O Allah! We implore you with a very useful Knowledge and pious heart and tongue that would be reciting in the of Allah and would always be thankful to Allah O Allah! Guide us against sudden death, accept our prayers, heal our sickness and welcome the death among us O Allah! Purify our sins as white cloth is purified from dirt O Allah! Purify us from our sins, remove our mistakes and take away our sorrows. Presents us with good things and gather for us the best of this world and hereafter. O Allah! Let us end our work with the most beautiful acts. O Allah! You are the forgiver, you like the reenters, please forgive us Suratul – Fathia By sodiq.

Ray Kroc Essay -- Food Industry Fast Food Restaurants Essays

Ray Kroc They are everywhere! From downtown Chicago to a rural town in Nebraska, fast-food restaurants have become a trademark of how Americans live today. Hurrying to make time for an afternoon appointment, a woman decides to make a short stop for lunch. Pulling her sports utility vehicle up to the window, she quickly grabs a delicious meal for a small price. But where did the idea come from? In the small town of San Bernadino, California, during the fifties, a young man named Ray Kroc had an idea that would drastically revolutionize the food industry with the efficient use of a multimixer, new ideas, and incredible entrepreneurship, the McDonalds corporation began a remarkable empire in the American and worldwide fast-food industry. Ray Kroc began his working career the same as most others do by finding a solid job with a steady cash flow, and hope of promotion. Determined to find work for his future wife's hand in marriage, Ray quickly became a salesmen for a Lily cup industry. Unfortunately for Ray, it didn't start off in the way that he thought it would. Struggling to support his wife and newborn baby under low pay, Ray would also play piano part time to earn extra money. While working for the chance of a promotion, he worked hard in his job going from place to place selling papercup products. It was in these early business days that Ray first showed a sign of his talent in economic ideas. He had an idea to modify a paper cup in that it could be formed in a way which kept the cup more durable. The cup's name was rightfully called the "One in a Million," and the introduction of this new product took off like a barn fire and boosted sales dramatically in a stagnant industry. The intelligent business decisio ns made by Ray were incredible. He advised the head of the company to raise the price of the new cup by two cents. Instead of selling at ten cents, the cup sold at twelve which made the boss an extra one hundred thousand dollars. With this invention by Ray Kroc, new ideas were stimulated and more inventions were created. The invention of the multimixer, by Earl Prince, was a five spindled milkshake machine that Ray believed had tremendous potential. When Earl Prince found out about Ray Kroc's business and selling tactics, he instantly proposed that Ray leave the Lily Tulip company and go into business with him. Ray would sell the... ... the demands of a changing society. Ray commented on all his success by saying, "Everything seems to be coming up roses. I'll be able to tell you more Manana...Manana..."(Kroc 207). At age fifty-two, Ray Kroc took an idea of the McDonalds brothers, and opened his first franchise. Within a decade he became a millionaire and his journey is a classic success story. Sadly, after thirty years of working for his own company, Ray died of heart failure on January 14, 1984. During 1983, the system wide sales of over four thousand restaurants accumulated almost nine billion dollars in sales. And in December of that year Ray was saluted as one of fifty individuals who had made the greatest contribution to the American way of life in the twentieth century. The West Coast Reviews of books writes, "Few entrepreneurs can claim to have actually changed the way we live, but Ray Kroc is one of them. His revolutions in food service automation, franchising, shared national training, and advertis ing have earned him a place beside the men who founded not merely businesses but entire new industries." Ray Kroc's influential life not only provided work for millions, but changed the life of billions.

Motivational Factors

Abstract This paper will explore and discuss the motivational factors that managers must be proficient with in order to accomplish the organization’s goals and objectives. This exploration and discussion will include aspects of different theories to understand how motivation affects the accomplishment of the organization’s goals and objectives. This exploration will be emphasized and interconnected with motivational theories to increase the success of today’s organizations and explain the impact managers have on the success of their organizations.In addition, this explanation will discuss how motivation is initiated and how this affects the personal and organizational goal settings. Implications and conclusions will be drawn from the application of ample discussion setting forth a better management practice that strengthens the understanding of the need of more motivation in today’s organizations. Motivational Factors and Organizational Goals Accomplishmen t Managers must consider many motivational factors to motivate their employees to perform at their highest ability.Motivation has internal and external forces, which influence employees’ behavior. â€Å"Motivation refers to the forces either within or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action† (Daft & Marcic, 2010, p. 404). Any person who is successful in whatever they are doing it is very likely due to set goals. Goal Setting is extremely important to motivation and success. Motivating employees is beneficial for both managers and employees because it enhances productivity and the accomplishment of the organizational goals.In order to achieve these goals, employees need to be well trained and motivated by managers which are the key factors in the success of this task. Employees are the most important assets and they are human being first and then the employees. For that reason, they must be treated fairly and with dignity. This is one of the most prominent motivating factors in any organization. Leaders and managers need to earn the respect of their employees in order to excel in their task. Departing from the premise of treating others with respect and dignity, employees will react in the same way.Managers can show respect to their employees by assigning them tasks that they are best suited for them. Every employee has a unique set of skills and talents that are an enormous resource for managers. Managers by communicating employees’ strong points will motivate them to accomplish their task resulting in a higher level of job satisfaction. It also builds the employee’s self-esteem and confidence leading to very strong and loyal employees. This starts a cycle of self-motivation and confidence that continually builds upon its own momentum if carefully managed.Organizations with this type of management achieve their organizational goals with ease. Everything starts with a common cy cle of motivation that needs to be fulfilled to attain the motivation desired of the employees. Figure1 shows this cycle. Figure 1. A simple model of motivation. This figure illustrates the basic elements of human motivation: need, behavior, and rewards. Source: Daft, R. (2008). Management. (8th ed). Mason, OH: Thompson South-Western, p. 522, exhibit 16. 1. Need The basic element of the motivational process in management starts with the satisfaction of employees’ needs.While motivation is universal and each employees needs are unique, managers must focus on identifying what needs are important to each individual in order to satisfy these needs and encourage the motivational environment within the organization. It is important that â€Å"managers take into account theories that will provide them a full understanding of motivation and its implementation in the workplace† (Patterson, 2007, p. 57). For instance, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory proposes that withi n every person there are needs that must be satisfied.These include safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization needs. Within each of these stages, there is a vast range of needs that could fit into each category suggesting each individuals needs could be different and unique as illustrated in table 1. Behavior â€Å"Motivation is what influences behavior† (Daft & Marcic, 2010, p. 72). Therefore, employees’ motivation must be what influences employee behavior at work. Employees can be motivated by an employer, a co-worker, or any situation in their life.While employees behave at the level their employer is looking for, managers must develop proficiency in the motivational arena. This proficiency of the application of the motivational factors will help managers to motivate their employees and fulfillment of their needs. It is important to mention that employees are human beings that have needs and they want to fulfill those needs in a successful manner. Abraham Maslo w's theory is one of the most widely discussed theories of motivation emphasizing that Table 1 Maslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsNeed HierarchyFulfillment off the jobFulfillment on the job Self-actualizationEducation, religion, hobbies, personal growthOpportunities for training, advancement, growth, and creativity EsteemApproval of family, friends, communityRecognition, high status, increased responsibilities BelongingnessFamily, friends, community groupsWork groups, clients, coworkers, supervisors SafetyFreedom from war, pollution, violenceSafe work, fringe benefits, job security PhysiologicalFood, water, oxygenHeat, air, base salary Note: This table represents the hierarchy of needs theory.This theory proposes that people are motivated by five categories of needs that exist in hierarchical order as illustrated in the table from bottom to top. Daft, R. (2008). Management. (8th ed). Mason, OH: Thompson South-Western, p. 525, exhibit 16. 2. human beings have wants and desires which i nfluence their behavior as illustrated in table 1. Daft ; Marcic (2010) mentioned, â€Å"Only unsatisfied needs influence behavior, satisfied needs do not† (p. 233). For that reason, managers have to be proficient in the motivation arena in order to have employees performing well in the organization.They also need to understand what makes employees behave well in the workplace. Reward Employee motivation, positive employee morale, and rewards are important for the success of every organization. People have unique characteristics that make them special. These characteristics will define the level of satisfaction needed to satisfy their needs whether physically, economically, emotionally, or among others. The satisfaction level will affect morale, motivation, and their quality of life in a positive or negative way. Therefore, it is imperative every organization develop a recognition program that is motivational and rewarding.No discussion of rewards would be complete without ad dressing intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. When someone feels gratification when doing something it is considered as an intrinsic reward. â€Å"Intrinsic rewards are the satisfaction a person receives in the process of performing a particular action† (Daft, 2008, p. 522). This satisfaction is caused by choices and perception a person has when accomplishing a task. Keun and Kulviwat (2008) mentioned in their research that â€Å"expectancy is the perceived connection between the effort and the outcome and the perception between the outcome and the reward† (p. 95). Expectancy theory is about the mental processes that an individual undergoes to make choices. Intrinsic motivation is motivated by the interest or enjoyment in the task itself and exists within the individual rather than relying on any external pressure as in the case of extrinsic motivation. Extrinsic rewards can be considered as when somebody tries to make someone else do something by giving them an external i ncentive that gratifies the receiver. Daft (2008) mentioned, â€Å"Extrinsic rewards are originated externally as a result of pleasing others† (p. 522).External rewards are extra pay, bonuses, promotion, incentives, among others. In the article, James (2005) presents a point of view of the cognitive evaluation theory to explain how â€Å"external motivation occurs when explicit rewards are implemented, which results in individuals having greater satisfaction† (p. 549). This theory is a theory in Psychology that is designed to explain the effects of external consequences on internal motivation. Intrinsic motivational factors are part of the job itself and boost the personal satisfaction by accomplishing something worthwhile.Many organizations need a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic motivators to encourage top-notch performance. Managers must ensure their organization has a very good employee reward program in place that promotes creativity and excellence. Feedback Providing ample feedback would work for employees motivated by esteem, while â€Å"providing predictable work, with minimal risk and uncertainty† would satisfy employees who desire security (Moyer ; Dunphy, 2007, p. 37). Any company that values its employees should provide feedback to their employee regularly.Feedback offers invaluable insight to employees about their performance that ultimately can affect the employees’ motivation. The key to a successful feedback is to focus on positive rather than negative feedback on the employees’ performance, which is the primary purpose of feedback. Feedback is not difficult but is a skill that all managers must master. Once mastered, managers have a powerful tool for sharing knowledge and facilitating knowledge skill enhancement. From Where Motivation Comes From Motivation may come from within a person or as the result of the situation.In contemporary workplaces, employees have become accustomed to external motivations such as bonuses, extra days off, contest prizes, etc†¦ The problem with motivation resulting from a situation is that they no longer motivate employees when they are no longer in the situation. External Motivation can make people dependent on things that are never part of a long-term motivational scene. If people want motivation to go deeper, they will have to find a way to create it within themselves or intrinsically. Internal motivation is self-motivation. It resides in everyone although it may be dormant. It is lasting and powerful.In combination with the external motivators mentioned earlier it is the foundation for success of organizations. Therefore, motivation comes from within and from a situation but self-motivation may be more powerful and last longer. Conclusion Overall, the motivational process is universal as all organizations through various strategies attempt to motivate employees in order to attain high performance and achieve organizational goals. The categorie s within these theories are wide-ranging thus suggesting that there are no definite motivator factors for each employee but each individual motivation is unique.Managers must consider many motivational factors and apply them to the employee’s need uniqueness. The basic element of the motivational process in management starts with the satisfaction of employees’ needs. For that reason, managers have to be proficient in the motivation arena in order to have employees performing and behaving well in the organization. It is essential for each organization to develop a motivational and rewarding recognition program. In addition, a good feedback program must be implemented to provide employees a valuable insight about their performance allowing them to realize the achievement of their goals.

Organize Crime Committed by a Group - 1908 Words

Organized crimes can be defined and labeled as many forms of criminality, but in an overall perspective; organized crime is the action if illegal activities that is committed by a criminal organization or group, typically working together to accomplish a certain or general goal. Organized crime can also be associated with Racketeering, which means the association or involvement in any illegal actions that is criminal. Racketeering can be displayed as having an illegal business, threat involving murder, extortion, kidnapping, bribery, counterfeiting, mail or wire fraud, white slave traffic, drug trafficking, money laundering, illegal gambling information, embezzlement from pension and welfare funds, and or even obstruction of justice or criminal investigation. Over the years nationally, the phenomenon of organized crime have gotten worse nationally. 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